See figs. 1, 554.
Here used to describe the precise reproduction of a made by the same artist or foundry as the original bronze. Also refers to same-scale reproductions of a made at different stages in the casting process (e.g., a wax replica, and a refractory replica used to make the in or casting piece mold [I.1§2.2]). In , bronzes fashioned from made from the same piece molds taken from the master model are considered replicas of the original. In sand casting, it refers to bronzes made using the same . Numerous replicas of the same bronze are called “multiples.”
Note: Slight differences are inevitable between replicas due to deterioration of the or variations in the finishing of the wax or of the bronze. With regard to modern bronze production, a may refer specifically to a made by someone other than the artist, but who is under license to make the cast. An “artist’s replica” is a cast made by the artist or someone sanctioned by the artist. An “authenticated replica” is certified as having been made by the artist or someone sanctioned by the artist (see Tate Papers No. 8).
Sources
Cultural Heritage: Dillon, Jo. 2002. “Technical Reports” and “Glossary of Technical Terms.” In Avery, Victoria, Renaissance and Baroque Bronzes from the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 276–88, 299–303. London: Daniel Katz Ltd.; Gli Ori., 300
General Dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/replica [definition 1]
To Be Distinguished From
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copy
Note: A “copy” is understood here to refer to a cast that reproduces the features of a model or bronze, but is not created by the original artist of the model or bronze, or by a licensed or sanctioned foundry.
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version
Translations
French:
épreuve d’édition
Epreuve en plusieurs exemplaires obtenus de la même façon et à partir d’un même . Les dimensions sont conservées peu ou prou, compte tenu des retraits possibles (voir II.4§1.1.1). La série de ces épreuves constitue l’édition du modèle. Une édition peut être en nombre limité, ou illimité.
Note: Non spécifique au bronze. On parle de « multiples » pour désigner plusieurs épreuves (Lebon, Elisabeth, Cecile Godefroy, Virginie Perdrisiot, and Diana Widmaier Picasso. 2016. “Glossaire.” In Picasso: Sculptures. Paris: Musée national Picasso, Somogy; Brussels: Palais des beaux-arts Bruxelles., 330).
To Be Distinguished From
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copie
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réplique
« Réplique » et le terme anglais « replica » sont ce qu’il convient d’appeler des faux amis. La réplique diffère de son modèle par les dimensions, le matériau ou les deux à la fois (Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 549), ce qui n’est pas le cas de la « replica » (traduite par « épreuve d’édition »).
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reproduction
Une reproduction est techniquement identique à une épreuve d’édition, mais différente : juridiquementé : une “épreuve d’édition” est considérée comme un original, une reproduction non.
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variante
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version
Source
Cultural Heritage: Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 545
Alternate Translation
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épreuve de série
Source: Cultural Heritage: Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 545
German:
Replik
Source
Maaz, Bernhard. 2010. Skulptur in Deutschland zwischen französischer Revolution und erstem Weltkrieg. Berlin and Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag., 720
Italian:
multiplo
Alternate Translations
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replica
An Italian word, but more related to later reproductions of an artwork)
Source: “Treccani - La Cultura Italiana - Enciclopedia.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2023. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/., under replica [definition 2]
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riproduzione (general term)
Sources: “Treccani - La Cultura Italiana - Enciclopedia.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2023. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/., under riproduzione [definition 2]; Battaglia, S. 1961. Grande dizionario della lingua italiana. Edited by Giorgio Bárberi Squarotti. Turin, Italy: Unione tipografico-editrice torinese. http://www.gdli.it/., under riproduzione [definition 2, vol. 16, 719]
Chinese: 复制品
Sources
Ming Juxin | 明举新. 2001. 汉英冶金工业词典 = Han ying yejin gongye cidian = A Comprehensive Chinese-English Dictionary of Metallurgical Industry. 3rd ed. 长沙市: 中南大学出版社 = Changsha shi: Zhongnan daxue chuban she [Zhong Nan University Press]., 457; TNATD