Detail of experimental casting showing a scraper being pushed and pulled across the previously filed surface. The action creates a series of parallel, shallow depressions that are retained throughout the finishing process, creating a subtle modulation across the surface. Ubaldo Vitali (American, b. 1944), Reproduction of a Lion Aquamanile, Maplewood, New Jersey, 2006, H. 19 cm, after Aquamanile in the Form of a Lion, probably northern Germany, 12th century, H. 19.5 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of Irwin Untermyer, 1964, inv. 64.101.1491). See Dandridge, Pete. 2006. “Exquisite Objects, Prodigious Technique. Aquamanilia, Vessels of the Middle Ages.” In Lions, Dragons, and Other Beasts: Aquamanilia of the Middle Ages, Vessels for Church and Table, edited by Peter Barnet and Pete Dandridge, 35–56. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press..