See figs. 102, 103, 210, 531, 553.
French term for a of the artist’s (often in bronze) that is used to make for the production of large in . In rare cases, a chef-modèle has been used in .
Note: Metal is often used rather than plaster because it can better withstand the wear caused by repeated sand molding. To aid in mold making, the chef-modèle is often in sections to allow their removal from the sand mold without damaging the sections. The edition proofs (épreuves d’édition) produced with a chef-modèle are a kind of .
Open viewer
Figure 102
Open viewer
Figure 103
Open viewer
Figure 210
Open viewer
Figure 531
Open viewer
Figure 553
Sources
Cultural Heritage: Grissom, Carol A., and Ronald S. Harvey. 2003. “The Conservation of American War Memorials Made of Zinc.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42 (1): 21–38.; Barbour, Daphne, and Shelley Sturman. 2017. “Casting Degas’s Sculptures into Bronze: A Closer Look.” Facture: Conservation, Science, Art History 3:78–111., 83; Lebon, Elisabeth. 2003. Dictionnaire des fondeurs de bronze d’art. France 1890–1950. Perth, Australia: Marjon éditions., 14
Synonyms
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pattern
A more general term for a hard model for sand casting. The term is more commonly used in the context of industrial production of machine parts, but may be applied to sculptures as well, though in the context of European bronzes from the early twentieth century onward, “chef-modèle” has been adopted more frequently.
Sources: Cultural Heritage: Motture, Peta. 2019. The Culture of Bronze: Making and Meaning in Italian Renaissance Sculpture. London: V&A Publishing.; Historical: Bolland, Simpson. 1894. The Encyclopedia of Founding and Dictionary of Foundry Terms Used in the Practice of Moulding. New York: Wiley.; Buchanan, John F. 1903. Foundry Nomenclature: The Moulder’s Pocket Dictionary. London: E. & F. N. Spon.
Translations
French:
chef-modèle
Modèle, souvent en bronze, servant à marquer l’empreinte dans un moule en sable dans le cas de productions en série. Terme presque exclusivement utilisé pour la .
Note: En sculpture, le chef-modèle est rarement sinon jamais le modèle original de l’artiste.
Sources
Cultural Heritage: Lebon, Elisabeth. 2012. Le Fondeur et le sculpteur: Technique du bronze et histoire de l’art. Paris: Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art.
Art and Craft Textbooks: Rama, Jean-Pierre. 1988. Le bronze d’art et ses techniques. Dourdan, France: Editions H. Vial., 372
To Be Distinguished From
- modèle original
Alternate Translations
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cuivre
Sources: Cultural Heritage: Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 759; Lebon, Elisabeth. 2012. Le Fondeur et le sculpteur: Technique du bronze et histoire de l’art. Paris: Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art., Glossaire: http://journals.openedition.org/inha/3448
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maître-modèle
Source: Art and Craft Textbook: Rama, Jean-Pierre. 1988. Le bronze d’art et ses techniques. Dourdan, France: Editions H. Vial., 372
-
modèle
Sources: Cultural Heritage: Lebon, Elisabeth. 2012. Le Fondeur et le sculpteur: Technique du bronze et histoire de l’art. Paris: Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art., Glossaire: http://journals.openedition.org/inha/3448; Copper Industry: Koch, Zbigniew J., and W. C. Newell, eds. 1963. Vocabulary of Foundry Practice, In Six Languages: English, Czech, German, French, Polish, Russian. Oxford; New York: Pergamon Press.; Bader, O., and M. Théret. 1961. Dictionnaire de métallurgie. Paris: Eyrolles., 614; Association Technique de Fonderie, Commission Ingénieurs et Techniciens. 1979. Dictionnaire idéologique de fonderie / Indexed Foundry Dictionary / Systematisches Giessereiwörterbuch. Meudon: Techniques des industries de la Fonderie.; Brunhuber, Ernst. 1988. Gießerei-Fachwörterbuch = Foundry Dictionary. 4th ed. Berlin: Schiele & Schön.; Art and Craft Textbooks: Hamm, Georges. 1924. Manuel du bronze d’art, ciselure et gravure. Paris: Librairie J.-B. Baillière et fils., 43, 85; Dubos, Jean. 2003. “Fondeur d’art Aujourd’hui.” Techné 18:49–56.
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modèle mère
Source: Copper Industry: Bader, O., and M. Théret. 1961. Dictionnaire de métallurgie. Paris: Eyrolles., 615
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modèle-maître
Source: Cultural Heritage: Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 624
German:
Dauermodell
Source
Fachkunde Metall: Bovenkerk, Konrad, Herwig Braun, and Rolf Dörflinger. 1987. Fachkunde Metall. 48. Europa-Fachbuchreihe für Metallberufe. Wuppertal: Europa Lehrmittel., 216
Italian:
modello di riferimento
Alternate Translation
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modello
Perhaps due to the lack of consistent industrial art foundry terminology before the nineteenth century, the term is shared in all sculptural fields: marble, plaster, clay, metal.
Chinese: 主铸型
Alternate Translation
- 主铸模