Tool marks testifying to the cutting back of the core. Shown here is the back view of a bronze fragment of the Vendôme Column. This may be related to what the founder of most of the Vendôme Column bronzes, Jean-Baptiste Launay (French, 1768–1827), described as amaigrissement du noyau (core thinning). Various French sculptors, Vendôme Column, 1805–10, dismantled 1871, re-erected 1873–75, H. 44 m (Place Vendôme, Paris). See Launay, Jean-Baptiste. 1827. Manuel Du Fondeur Sur Tous Métaux. Vol. 1. 2 vols. Paris: Roret. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62000p., 1:xv.