See figs. 127, 152, 153, 155, 165, 184, 205, 464.
A common type of casting flaw that includes a group or area of cavities caused by or trapped gases. Porosity may vary considerably in dimension and may or may not break through the surface of the . See I.3§1.3.1.
Note: A common way to characterize the quality of a cast is to report the degree and extent of its porosity (see I.3).
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Figure 127
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Figure 152
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Figure 153
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Figure 155
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Figure 165
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Figure 184
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Figure 205
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Figure 464
Sources
Cultural Heritage: Stone, Richard E. 2008. “Riccio: Technology and Connoisseurship.” In Andrea Riccio: Renaissance Master of Bronze, edited by Denise Allen, 81–96. London: Philip Wilson.
Copper Industry: Campbell, John. 2015. Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques, and Design. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann.; Brunhuber, Ernst. 1988. Gießerei-Fachwörterbuch = Foundry Dictionary. 4th ed. Berlin: Schiele & Schön.; Ammen, Charles William. 1980. The Metalcaster’s Bible. New York: McGraw-Hill and TAB Books.
General Dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/porosity [definition 1a]
Translations
French:
porosité
caractérisé par des zones plus ou moins spongieuses, c’est-à-dire comportant de nombreuses cavités résultant de la contraction du métal ou de gaz piégé dans le métal lors du refroidissement.
Note: Il est fréquent de caractériser la qualité d’une fonte par son degré de porosité. On parle de porosité ouverte quand elle débouche en surface, de porosité fermée sinon. Des termes plus spécifiques sont souvent également employés : cavité (Hénon, Guy, Claude Mascré, and Georges Blanc. 1971. Recherche de la qualité des pièces de fonderie. Paris: Editions techniques des industries de la fonderie., 22), crique (Rama, Jean-Pierre. 1988. Le bronze d’art et ses techniques. Dourdan, France: Editions H. Vial., 326).
Sources
Cultural Heritage: Baudry, Marie Thérèse, and Dominique Bozo. 1978. La sculpture: Méthode et vocabulaire. Principes d’analyse scientifique. Paris: Impr. nationale., 646; Bewer, Francesca G., David Bourgarit, and Jane Bassett. 2008. “Les bronzes français (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle): Notes techniques.” In Bronzes français de la Renaissance au Siècle des lumières, edited by Geneviève Bresc-Bautier and Guilhem Scherf, 28–41. Paris: Musée du Louvre, Somogy.; Azéma, Aurélia, and Benoît Mille. 2013b. “Un point sur la technique de fabrication des grands bronzes antiques.” L’actualité chimique 377:43–44.
Copper Industry: Hénon, Guy, Claude Mascré, and Georges Blanc. 1971. Recherche de la qualité des pièces de fonderie. Paris: Editions techniques des industries de la fonderie., 23; Association Technique de Fonderie, Commission Ingénieurs et Techniciens. 1979. Dictionnaire idéologique de fonderie / Indexed Foundry Dictionary / Systematisches Giessereiwörterbuch. Meudon: Techniques des industries de la Fonderie.
German:
Porosität
Source
Brunhuber, Ernst. 1988. Gießerei-Fachwörterbuch = Foundry Dictionary. 4th ed. Berlin: Schiele & Schön.
Italian:
porosità
Sources
“Treccani - La Cultura Italiana - Enciclopedia.” n.d. Accessed April 4, 2023. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/., under tecnica; Battaglia, S. 1961. Grande dizionario della lingua italiana. Edited by Giorgio Bárberi Squarotti. Turin, Italy: Unione tipografico-editrice torinese. http://www.gdli.it/., under porosità [vol. 13, 916]
Alternate Translation
-
spugnoso
In early Italian no direct translation has been found, but this adjective is a descriptive term that means “spongy,” used in bucato e spugnoso, “with holes and spongy.”
Source: Biringuccio, Vannoccio. (1540) 1977. De la pirotechnia. Edited by Adriano Carugo. Milano: Edizioni Il Polifilo., fol. 90
Chinese: 气孔
Source
Ming Juxin | 明举新. 2001. 汉英冶金工业词典 = Han ying yejin gongye cidian = A Comprehensive Chinese-English Dictionary of Metallurgical Industry. 3rd ed. 长沙市: 中南大学出版社 = Changsha shi: Zhongnan daxue chuban she [Zhong Nan University Press]., 1128
Alternate Translations
-
松孔
-
气孔巢
Source: TNATD
-
砂眼
Source: Ming Juxin | 明举新. 2001. 汉英冶金工业词典 = Han ying yejin gongye cidian = A Comprehensive Chinese-English Dictionary of Metallurgical Industry. 3rd ed. 长沙市: 中南大学出版社 = Changsha shi: Zhongnan daxue chuban she [Zhong Nan University Press]., 1247