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Table 7: Chemical symbols of main copper alloying elements and impurities encountered in bronze sculpture

Table 7
Table 7
Chemical symbols of main copper alloying elements and impurities encountered in bronze sculpture
Each element may impact the physical and chemical properties of the metal. The effects are various and depend on how the different elements are combined; see .
Symbol English French German Italian
Cu copper cuivre Kupfer rame
main alloying elements known for historical and contemporary bronzes Sn tin étain Zinn stagno
Zn zinc zinc Zink zinco
Pb lead plomb Blei piombo
alloying elements specific to contemporary bronzes Si silicon silicium Silizium silicio
P phosphorous phosphore Phosphor fosforo
main impurities in historical bronzes Ag silver cuivre Silber argento
As arsenic arsenic Arsen arsenico
Au gold or Gold oro
Bi bismuth bismuth Bismut bismuto
Co cobalt cobalt Kobalt cobalto
Fe iron fer Eisen ferro
Ni nickel nickel Nickel nichel
S sulphur soufre Schwefel zolfo
Sb antimony antimoine Antimon antimonio