27. Related Textual References 🔺

DEFINITION

The sources used for the object/work record in general.

EXAMPLES

• Grove Art Online (2003-)
• Bowie, Drawings of Hokusai (1964)
• Hokusai and Hiroshige (1998)

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the sources used for the record.

Alternatively (or in addition), link sources to the citations attached to various specific categories, as appropriate.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Authority: Ideally, this information is derived from the Source Brief Citation (27.2) in a citations authority and displayed with the PAGE subcategories from the object/work record (e.g., Bowie, Drawings of Hokusai (1964)-, 172-176, or Grove Art Online (2003-), “Katsushika Hokusai,” accessed 2 May 2006).

DEFINITION

The page(s), volumes, plate numbers or other indications of where the work is discussed or illustrated in the textual reference.

EXAMPLES

• 23
• 172-176
• 87 ff.
• 398, 435
• 5:23
• plate 12
• 344 ff. 9-12
• item 109
• fols. 10v-11r.
• title page
• folio 1, recto
• accessed 12 August 2004
• “Katsushika Hokusai,” accessed 2 May 2006

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the volume (if applicable) and page (e.g., 11:342) where the work is discussed or illustrated in the source.

Form and syntax

Record the page number using Arabic numbers. Do not include “page” or “p.” preceding the page number (e.g., for page 23, simply record 23). Separate numbers representing a range of pages with a hyphen/dash. List all the numerals of both numbers of the range (e.g., 172-176, NOT 172-6). For two pages not in a range, separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., 101, 115). If you list only the first page of a series of pages, follow the number by “ff.” (e.g., 87 ff.)

Volumes

For encyclopedias, such as Thieme-Becker, list the volume number, colon, followed by page number (e.g., 5:23).

Plates and footnotes

For indications other than page and volume, use appropriate terminology, including the following: plate, footnote, fiche, map, insert, title page, index, signature, or inscription (e.g., plate 56).

Articles

For journal and newspaper articles, record the volume number and page range in the Source Full Citation (27.2.2) subcategory of the citations authority rather than in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

Encyclopedia articles

If there is an author indicated for an encyclopedia article (e.g., Grove), you need not list the full author and article name if it is a source for only a name. However, if you have paraphrased significant information, give the author credit by citing the article name and author in the page field.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002)
  Full Citation:🔺 Grove Dictionary of Art (online edition). Jane Turner, ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Ltd., 1999-2002. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart (27 June 2024).
  Page: Lowenthal, Anne W., “Claesz, Pieter,” accessed 27 June 2024

Web sites

For Web sites, record the date when you consulted the Web site in the page field (e.g., accessed 12 August 2004). Exception: for newspapers on the Web, cite the date in the Source Full Citation (27.2.2) subcategory in order to be consistent with citations for hard-copy newspapers.

Folios

For unpublished manuscripts or other documents that have folio numbers instead of pages, record the word folio, folio number, comma, and the word recto or verso (e.g., folio 1, recto).

Entry form reference

For encyclopedias and dictionaries, if it will not be apparent to the user how to find the entry in the source, include a reference to the main entry in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Oxford Companion to Art (1996)
  Full Citation:🔺 Oxford Companion to Art. Harold Osborne, ed. Melbourne; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  Page: “Villes Neuves,” 1192

FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY

Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Use consistent syntax and format.

DEFINITION

An indication when the textual reference contains direct reference to the work or illustrations of the work.

EXAMPLES

• cited
• illustrated

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Identify if the work of art or architecture is cited and/or illustrated in the source.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Controlled list: Control this subcategory with a controlled list using the terms in the “Examples” section above, and others as required.

DEFINITION

The number assigned to a work within an authoritative textual reference. This subcategory is restricted to numbers that function as a code to identify work in common scholarly usage.

EXAMPLE

• Bartsch 133

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the number, alpha-numeric code, or phrase that is used in an authoritative source to refer to a particular work or edition of a work. These numbers are often used for prints and other works produced in multiples. Do not use this subcategory for an ordinary reference to a plate or illustration in a text; record such ordinary references in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY

Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Use consistent syntax and format.

DEFINITION

The type of number assigned to a work within an authoritative textual reference.

EXAMPLES

• plate number
• index number

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record object numbers in this category that are drawn exclusively from the textual reference itself.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Controlled list: Control terminology with a list of controlled terminology, using terms in the “Examples” section above and others as necessary.

DEFINITION

A brief reference to the source, for use in abbreviated displays.

EXAMPLES

• Millon, Baroque and Rococo Architecture (1961)
• Grove Art Online (2003-)
• Grove Dictionary of Art (1996)
• J. Paul Getty Museum: Antiquities (1997)
• J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)
• Thieme-Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der Kunstler (1980-1986)
• Bénézit, Dictionnaire des Peintres (1976)
• Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988)
• Gardner’s Art Through the Ages (1986)
• Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters (1984)
• Cotter, Norman Bluhm, New York Times (1999)
• Beatson, et al., St. Victor Altarpiece, Art Bulletin (1986)

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record a brief citation, one that is short, succinct, and readable at a glance. It should identify the source as unique from all other sources. Note that it must distinguish a particular work or edition of a work from similar works and other editions of the same work.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Bénézit, Dictionnaire des Peintres (1976)
  Full Citation:🔺 Bénézit, Emmanuel, ed. Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs et Graveurs. Originally published 1911-1923. Paris: Librairie Gründ, 1976.

Form and syntax

In general, construct a brief citation by condensing the Source Full Citation (27.2.2) subcategory, using the following elements: Author’s last name (if applicable); comma; brief title; comma; year of publication in parentheses. Use title case, not sentence case. Avoid abbreviations.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Free-text: This subcategory is free text. If necessary, index it with author, title, and the other appropriate controlled subcategories.

DEFINITION

The type of textual document being cited.

EXAMPLES

• monograph
• dictionary
• encyclopedia
• gazetteer
• criticism
• atlas
• guide book
• biography
• history
• Festschrift
• exhibition catalog
• journal article
• newspaper article
• dissertation
• birth certificate
• obituary
• brochure
• exhibition checklist
• exhibition review
• contract
• condition report
• letter
• diary
• inventory
• verbal opinion

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Classify the document by type.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Controlled list: Control this subcategory with an extensible controlled list, using terms in the “Examples” section above and others as required. Controlled vocabulary may be derived from the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) (especially Information Forms hierarchy), ACRL/RBMS Genre Terms, ISO 5127-3: Iconic Documents, ISO 5127-1: Documentation and Information, LC Thesaurus for Graphic Materials, or revised Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging.

DEFINITION

A full reference containing bibliographic information that uniquely and unambiguously identifies the textual reference.

EXAMPLES

• Millon, Henry A. Baroque and Rococo Architecture. New York: G. Braziller, 1961.
• Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins. Thesaurus of British Archaeology. Newton Abbot, England: David & Charles, 1982.
• Wittkower, Rudol . Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Sculptor of the Roman Baroque. 2nd ed. London: Phaidon Press, 1966.
• Kaplan, Wendy. The Art That Is Life: Arts & Arafts Movement in America, 1875-1920. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts/ Little, Brown and Company; A New York Graphic Society Book, 1987.
• Manetti, Antonio.“The Fat Woodcarver,” in An Italian Renaissance Sextet: Six Tales in Historical Context, by Lauro Martines, translations by Murtha Baca. New York: Marsilio, 1994.
• Lisa Moore, “Marlene Creates: Land Works, 1979-1991,” _Arts Atlantic 47/_12:3, Fall 1993.
• Huguenot Statistics; Loire Valley, 1550-1560 [data file]. Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 1991.
• Archivio di Stato di Roma, Arciconfraternita della SS.ma Annunziata, Busta 825.
• Purcell, William Gray. “Bernard Maybeck, Poet of Building: His Battle with the Book.” Typescript MS, 2nd draft, 10 July 1949. Documents Collection, College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley.

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record a complete citation for the work. While it is optional to record Related Textual References (27), if you do record them, it is required to record the full citation for the source.

Form and syntax

Follow the rules stated below and for the citation style for the humanities and social sciences in the Chicago Manual of Style. If local practice dictates, apply alternative rules as found in the MLA Handbook and Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules; no matter which rules are used, be consistent.

Find the information to construct a citation on the title page of the work or by copy-cataloging from a library catalog.

In general, construct a full using the following elements: (1) author name in inverted order where applicable, period; (2) title, period; (3) site of publication, colon; (4) publisher, comma, (5) date of publication, period. Use title case (not sentence case).

Record the citations in English, with the exception of proper names and the title; record proper names and the title in the language of the title page. Use diacritics as necessary. Avoid abbreviations.

Author’s name in citation

Record the author as the first element in the full and brief citations. The author may be a person or a corporate body. For a person, record the name in inverted order (last name first) in the full citation. For a corporate body, record the name in natural order.

Include punctuation (e.g., hyphens) and diacritics as appropriate. For initials, include periods after the initial and a space between two initials.

Multiple authors

If there are multiple authors, record the first author’s name in inverted order and the subsequent names in natural order (e.g., Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins. Thesaurus of British Archaeology. Newton Abbot, England: David & Charles, 1982.).

Use the word “and” and commas to separate the names of authors (e.g., Trubner, Henry, William J. Rathbun, and Catherine A. Kaput. Asiatic Art in the Seattle Art Museum. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1973.). List the authors in the order in which they appear on the title page. In the Source Brief Citation (27.2), if there are more than two authors, record the last name of the first author and “et al”.

If a second author revised or added to the original work, note this after the title (e.g., Smith, W. Stevenson. Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. 2nd ed., revised with additions by William Kelly Simpson. Pelican History of Art. New Haven and New York: Yale University Press, 1981.)

If there are more than three authors, list the first name followed by “et al” rather than listing them all (e.g., Fedje, Daryl W., et al. “Vermilion Lakes Site: Adaptations and Environments in the Canadian Rockies During the Latest Pleistocene and Early Holocene.” American Antiquity 60/1:81-108 (1995).). However, index all of the authors in the Source Author (27.2.2.3) subcategory.

Editor

If there is no author and the editor has played a major role, as indicated by the placement of his or her name on the title page, record the editor’s name in inverted order, comma, and the abbreviation “ed.” as the first element in the full citation (e.g., Gordon, Yvonne, ed. Architectural Design and CAD. New York: Nichols Publishing Co., 1986.) For multiple editors, use the abbreviation “eds.” (e.g., Theories and manifestoes of contemporary architecture. Charles Jencks and Karl Kropf, eds. Chichester, England: Academy Editions; Lanham, MD: Distributed to the trade in the United States by National Book Network, 1997.). Include the editor’s last name in the Source Brief Citation (27.2) in the same way that the author’s name would be listed.

If the editor has played a major role in writing the work, include the name in inverted order in the author position, using syntax as illustrated (e.g., Biscione, Antonio Maria, ed. Il Riposo, di Raffaello Borghini. Firenze: M. Nestenus e F. Moücke, 1730.).

If there is both an editor and an edition statement, spell out edited by to avoid confusion, because edition will also be abbreviated “ed.” (e.g., Smithells, Colin J. Smithells Metals Reference Book. 7th ed. Edited by Eric A. Brandes and G. B. Brook. Boston, Massachusetts: Butterworth Heinemann, 1992.).

If the title page includes both the author and an editor, include them both in the full citation. Record “Edited by” with the editor name in natural order after the title and the edition number (if any) (e.g., Fletcher, Banister, Sir. History of Architecture. 19th ed. Edited by John Mangrove. London: Butterworths, 1987.).

No author or editor

If there is no author or editor, record the title as the first element here in the full citation and in the Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory (e.g., Columbus Indiana: A Look at Architecture. Columbus, Indiana: Columbus Area Chamber of Commerce, 1980.).

Title in citation

For books, record the title in title case (not sentence case). For journal and newspaper articles, see the “Periodicals” section below.

In the full citation, record the full title as it appears on the title page, but generally omit the initial articles (e.g., The) unless it is necessary to retain meaning (e.g., the “A” in Columbus Indiana: A Look at Architecture). Include subtitles if they are necessary to identify the work or aid the user in identifying the content of the work. In the Source Brief Citation (27.2), create a truncated title containing the most important words of the title.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Gere and Pouncey, Italian Drawings: Artists Working in Parma (1967)
  Full Citation:🔺 Gere, J. A. and P. Pouncey. Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Artists Working in Parma in the Sixteenth Century. London: British Museum Publications, 1967.

For titles in languages other than English, follow the conventions for capitalization of the given language (e.g., Bauchal, Charles. Nouveau dictionnaire biographique et critique des architectes français. Paris: André, Daly fils et cie, 1887.).

No title

If there is no apparent title, construct one. This happens most often with commercial sales catalogs, Web sites, and in-house unpublished authority lists.

Take keywords for a title from the cover or inside page of the catalog or authority list, or from the top of the web home page. If there is little or no information on the item itself (as happens sometimes with unpublished authority lists), devise a title from information that you know about the item, such as the institution it came from and the year of preparation.

• Brief Citation: Getty Museum, Authority file (2003-)
  Full Citation: J. Paul Getty Museum. Authority file[unpublished database, TMS]. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003-.

Publisher and date in citation

As the last elements in the full citation, record the city of publication, publisher, and date of publication.

If the city will not be extremely well known to an international audience, include the name of the state or nation. Do not abbreviate any place name, unless it is extremely well known internationally (e.g., Anaheim, California NOT Anaheim, CA).

Generally, do not include the publisher in the Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Lobley, Mount Vesuvius (1889)
  Full Citation:🔺 Lobley, J. Logan. Mount Vesuvius: A Descriptive, Historical, and Geological Account of the Volcano and Its Surroundings. London: Roper and Drowley, 1889.

Record the publisher in the language of the title page. Record the city of publication in English if there is an English version of the place name (e.g., Friuli-Venezia Guilia. 5th ed. Guida d’Italia del Touring Club Italiano. Milan: Touring Club Italiano, 1982.).

Multiple publishers

If there are multiple publishers, list them in the full citation, separated by semi-colons. If a work is published in association with another institution, use the phrase in association with or for, depending upon how it is phrased on the title page (e.g., Abel-Vidor, Suzanne, Ronald L. Bishop, et al. Between Continents/Between Seas: Precolumbian Art of Costa Rica. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. in association with The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1981.).

Multiple places of publication

If there are multiple places of publication, include them in the full citation (e.g., Slive, Seymour. Jacob van Ruisdael: Complete Catalogue of His Paintings, Drawings and Etchings. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001.).

Date of publication

Record the date as the last element of the Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory and of this Source Full Citation (27.2.1) subcategory. In the Source Brief Citation (27.2), enclose the date in parentheses.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Paula Mordersohn Becker Exhibition (1999)
  Full Citation: Paula Mordersohn Becker: An Exhibition. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Art Gallery. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1999.

If a work was published over a range of years, include the years, separated by a hyphen/dash (e.g., Catholic University of America. New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Publishers Guild in association with McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967-1979.). Do not omit numbers in the second year of the range (e.g., 1953-1988, not 1953-88). If a work is an ongoing publication, use the first year of publication followed by a hyphen/dash (e.g., Anatolian Studies. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, 1951-.).

Uncertain date

If the date is not found on the title page but you have a good idea of when the work was probably published or produced, use ca. as appropriate (e.g., Baldi, Filippo. Notebook of designs in architecture and decorative arts. Unprocessed collection, ca. 1697-1732.). If only the decade is certain, use a general date such as 1930s.

If an accurate or approximate date cannot be determined, use n.d., for “no date” (e.g., Von Ribbontropf, Dietrich. Last Generation of Futurist Artists. Berlin and Amsterdam: Pflicht Verlag, n.d.)

Edition in citations

If an edition statement is on the title page, include it in the full citation. Place it directly after the title. Use Arabic numerals for numbered editions and the abbreviation ed. for edition (e.g., Wöfflin, Heinrich. Principles of Art History. 7th ed. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1950.).

Generally, omit edition statements from the Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory, unless it is necessary to distinguish between editions produced in the same year.

If the citation has both an edition statement and an editor, do not abbreviate editor as “ed.” (e.g., Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 8th ed. Edited by Horst de la Croix and Richard G. Tansey. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.).

For a named edition, spell out edition if it is necessary to avoid confusion. Generally do not abbreviate revised, enlarged; translated, or other such words in the edition statement; spell them out (e.g., Pevsner, Nikolaus, et al. Dictionary of Architecture. Revised and enlarged ed. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1976.).

Reprints

If a work is a reprint, include this information in the full citation. Include the date of the reprint, not the date of the original citation, in the Source Brief Citation (27.2) (e.g., Thieme, Ulrich and Felix Becker. Allgemeines -Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Reprint of 1907 edition. 37 vols. Leipzig: Veb E. A. Seemann Verlag, 1980-1986.).

Generally, omit the reference to the reprint in the Source Brief Citation (27.2), unless it is necessary to distinguish between versions produced in the same year.

Volumes

For encyclopedia and other sets, include the number of volumes in the set, if known, in the full citation. Record the number plus vols. after the title (e.g., American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Athenian Agora. 24 vols. Princeton, New Jersey: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1953-1988.).

Generally, record references to a single volume in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

Essays

If there is a separate title or author for a chapter or essay in a collected work, generally record a separate citation for the essay or chapter (e.g., Zelinsky-Cartledge, Mary Ann and Daniel M. Cartledge. “AIlto and Arba: Two Doko Weavers,” in Ethiopia: Traditions of Creativity, Raymond Silverman, ed. East Lansing: Michigan State University Museum in association with the University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1999, 240-256).

For an encyclopedia, it is generally not necessary to refer to the author or title of an entry or essay. However, if it will not be immediately apparent to the user how to find the cited information in the source, include a reference to the title of the entry in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory (not in the full citation).

• Brief Citation:🔺 Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
  Full Citation:🔺 Encyclopaedia Britannica. Britannica Online. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2002-. http://www.eb.com/ (1 July 2002).
  Page subcategory: “Medici, Cosimo de’,” accessed 13 February 2002

Series

If a work was part of a series, include the name of the series in the this category. Make a brief reference to the series in the Source Brief Citation (27.2).

• Brief Citation: Longstreth, Washington Mall, Studies in History of Art (1991)
  Full Citation:🔺 Richard Longstreth, ed. Mall in Washington, 1791-1991. Studies in the History of Art, no. 30; Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts: Symposium Papers XIV. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1991; distributed by University Press of New England.

CDs or DVDs

For books and databases on CDs and DVDs, record Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory and this full citation subcategory using the same rules as for books. Use information on the jacket of the disk, accompanying brochures, or a digital title page.

Exhibition catalogs

If it is not clear from the title that the book is an exhibition catalog, include the words “exhibition catalog” in square brackets in the full citation (e.g., Albright-Knox Art Gallery. Eight Sculptors: An Exhibition. Buffalo, New York: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, 1979, but Schimmel, Paul, et al. Public Offerings [exhibition catalog]. New York: Thames & Hudson. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2001.).

If it is not clear from the title or place of publication where the exhibitions took place, include the places of the exhibition after the title in the full citation (e.g., Poulet, Anne, et al. Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment[exhibition catalog]. National Gallery of Art, Washington; J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles; Musée et domaine national du château de Versailles, Versailles. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.).

Auction catalogs

If it is not clear from the title that the book is an auction catalog, include the words “auction catalog” in square brackets in the full citation. Include the date of the sale after the title, if it is not part of the title itself (e.g., Hôtel Drouot, Bronzes de Barye, 14 March 1892 [auction catalog]. Paris: Hôtel Drouot, 1892.)

Periodicals

In the full citation, include the following for articles in journals, periodicals, and newspapers: author’s name inverted (if known), article name in quotation marks, journal name, volume and issue number (if applicable, separated with forward slash), date of publication in parentheses, colon, and page number. Follow the syntax in the examples below. Year, month, and day of publication may be included. Note that the inclusion of the page number for articles differs from books, where the page number would be recorded in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

In the Source Brief Citation (27.2) subcategory, include author, title of the article (no quotation marks), reference to the journal or newspaper, year of publication. Use abbreviations for journals only when they are extremely well known and the title is very long (e.g., JASIS).

• Brief Citation:🔺 Gwin, Tombs of Peru’s Cloud People, National Geographic (2004)
  Full Citation:🔺 Gwin, Peter. “Tombs of Peru’s Cloud People.” National Geographic Magazine 205:6 (2004): 56 ff.

For an online article, include the date when the article was accessed and the URL, as explained in the “Online Sources” section below (e.g., Kuke, Lynne. “Victorious Rebels Pour into Kinshasa.” Washington Post [online edition]. http://washingtonpost.com (May 19, 1997)).

For a book review in a journal, include the name of the reviewer, the name of the article, and the name of the journal (e.g., Garstang, Donald. “Il Castello di Rivoli, 1734-1984 and Botteghe e Negozi,” in Book Reviews. Apollo 125/287 (1986): 68.).

Citing an entire periodical

In some cases, you may not have the name of the article, but only the name of the journal. In such cases, make a citation for the entire journal (e.g., African Arts. Los Angeles: James S. Coleman African Studies Center, University of California, 1967-).

Supplements

Sometimes a periodical issues an extra edition or supplement to an issue. In such cases, state the words supplement or extra edition after the periodical title (e.g., Concepcion, Immaculata. “Designing single units for double occupancy.” Architecture and Urbanism, extra edition no. 5 (May 1987).).

Online Sources

For sources on the Web, make the full citation as complete as possible. Follow the rules for book citations, including the following information where possible: author’s inverted name, full title of the work, city of publication and publisher (if known), date of the document or last revision (if known). Also record the URL followed by the date that it was first accessed, in parentheses.

If the date is not on the home page of the site, check the source code for the page. In the example below, the earlier date would be the date of the site’s creation.

In the full citation, include the designation [online], [online database], [online edition] or a similar phrase if the word online does not appear in the title of the document. You generally do not need to include [online] in the Source Brief Citation (27.2), unless it is necessary to distinguish between two otherwise identical citations.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Mathisen, Geography of Roman Gaul (1996)
  Full Citation:🔺 Mathisen, Ralph W. Geography of Roman Gaul [online]. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina, 1996. http://www.sc.edu/ltantsoc/geogmain.htm (1 July 1996).

Unpublished sources

For databases, telephone conversations, correspondence, or other sources that are not published, construct Source Brief Citation (27.2) and Source Full Citation (27.2.2). Include an explanation of the source, as necessary (e.g., Unpublished database). Record information about one specific contact with the source in the Page (27.1.1) subcategory.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Newton County Courthouse, Missouri (1997-)
  Full Citation:🔺 Newton County Courthouse, Neosho, Missouri. 1997-.
  Page: Per telephone conversation with the office of the County Clerk on 9 September 1997.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Free-text: This subcategory is free text. If necessary, index it with Source Author (27.2.2.3), Source Title (27.2.2.1), and the other appropriate controlled subcategories.

RELATED CATEGORIES and ACCESS

Depending on the needs of the cataloging institution, it may be necessary to record standard bibliographic information in separate fields to allow adequate retrieval. Possible fields would include author, title, publisher, and year of publication, and others described in the subcategories below.¹

DEFINITION

The title of the textual reference, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2).

EXAMPLES

• Baroque and Rococo Architecture
• Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Artists Working in Parma in the Sixteenth Century
• Gardner’s Art Through the Ages
• Complete History of Japanese Photography
• Stonework of the Maya
• L’oeuvre gravé des van de Passe

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the title in title case (not sentence case). Transcribe it from the title page or copy-catalog it from a library catalog. For titles in languages other than English, follow the rules for titles according to that language.

Alternatively, copy the title verbatim from the title page as you would any inscription, using punctuation and capitalization as found.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Free-text: The title is a free-text field; use of consistent syntax, punctuation, and capitalization is recommended.

DEFINITION

Title of the collection, series, or journal in which the textual reference named in the Source Title(27.2.2.1) subcategory appears.

EXAMPLES

• Albert Haueisen, Festschrift zum achtzigsten Geburtstagt
• Art Bulletin

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the title for the larger work of which the cited article or essay is a part. Record the title of the journal, series, or collection in title case (not sentence case). Transcribe it from the title page or copy-catalog it from a library catalog. For titles in languages other than English, follow the rules for titles according to that language.

Alternatively, copy the title verbatim from the title page as you would any inscription, using punctuation and capitalization as found.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Free-text: The title is a free-text field; use of consistent syntax, punctuation, and capitalization is recommended.

DEFINITION

The author of the textual reference, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2) subcategory.

EXAMPLES

• Millon, Henry A.
• Metropolitan Museum of Art

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the name of the individual, group, or corporate body that wrote or collectively composed the related textual work. To record multiple authors, repeat this subcategory.

Form and syntax

Generally, record personal names in inverted order and corporate names in natural order. However, there are many exceptions. See the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28) for guidelines in constructing personal names.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Authority: Ideally, this should be a link to the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28), where a full record containing the author’s variant names and biographical information will be stored and available for retrieval. Sources of names may include LC Name Authorities and Canadiana Authorities.

DEFINITION

The editor, compiler, or translator of the textual reference, as recorded in the Source Full Citation (27.2.2) subcategory.

EXAMPLES

• Osborne, Harold
• Frisa, Maria Luisa

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the name of the individual who edited the related textual work. Occasionally, the editor may be a group or corporate body who worked collectively. To list mulitple editors, repeat this subcategory.

Form and syntax

Generally, record personal names in inverted order and corporate names in natural order. However, there are many exceptions. See the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28) for guidelines in constructing personal names.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Authority: Ideally, this should be a link to the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28), where a full record containing the editor’s variant names and biographical information will be stored and available for retrieval. Sources of names may include LC Name Authorities and Canadiana Authorities.

DEFINITION

The place where the textual reference was published, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2) subcategory.

EXAMPLES

• New York (New York, United States)
• Oxford (Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom)
• Beijing (Beijing Shi, China)
• unknown

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the name of the place of where the textual work was published; this is generally a city. If the location may be unknown or uncertain, express this in the Source Full Citation (27.2.) and link to an appropriate value here (e.g., unknown). If there are multiple places of publication, repeat this subcategory.

Form and syntax

Capitalize proper place names. Include the broader contexts of the place to the level of nation. For guidelines regarding the syntax and format of place names, see the Current Location (21) category and the Place/Location Authority (29).

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Authority: Control this subcategory with the Place/Location Authority (29). Published sources of geographic names include: Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), NGA (NIMA) and USGS, Canadiana Authorities, and LC Name Authorities

DEFINITION

The publisher of the textual reference, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2) subcategory.

EXAMPLES

• G. Braziller
• Harper & Row
• University of New Mexico

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the name of the corporate body that published the textual work. Occasionally, the publisher may be an individual.To list mulitple publishers, repeat this subcategory.

Form and syntax

Generally, record corporate names in natural order. However, there are many exceptions. See the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28) for guidelines in constructing names.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Authority: Ideally, this should be a link to the Person/Corporate Body Authority (28), where a full record containing the publisher’s variant names and other information will be stored and available for retrieval. Sources of names may include Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Canadiana Authorities.

DEFINITION

The year when the textual reference was publushed, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2) subcategory.

EXAMPLE

• 1961
• 2005
• no date

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record the year when the textual work was published. Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields.

If the year is uncertain, record the earliest year it could have been published, and express the uncertainty in the Source Full Citation (27.2.).

Most institutions will require only a single date field for date of publication. However, if it is necessary to record spans of dates, follow the model of display, earliest, and latest dates as found in Related Works (20) and many other CDWA categories.

Form and syntax

Follow the applicable rules for dates in Earliest Date (4.2.1).

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.

• ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, 2004.

  XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001.

DEFINITION

An indication of the edition of the textual reference, if any, as recorded in the Source Full Citation(27.2.2.8) subcategory.

EXAMPLES

• 4th edition
• 2nd revised edition

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record an indication of the position of the issuance of the work in relation to previous and subsequent editions (e.g., 3nd edition), if known. A new edition of a book is characterized by substantive revisions to the intellectual content of the work, including alterations of the text or illustrations.

Format and syntax

Avoid abbreviations, except for ordinal numerals (e.g., use 3rd rather than third). Use lower case except when a term includes a proper name. Use ordinal numbers (e.g., 4th).

For special editions, record terminology in the language of the catalog record. Include the appropriate diacritical marks. If there is an edition statement on the title page, accurately transcribe it in the original language (transliterated into the Roman alphabet when necessary).

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible.

DEFINITION

Additional notes or comments pertinent to the textual reference.

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: Record a note regarding the textual reference. Use consistent syntax and format. For rules regarding writing notes, see Descriptive Note (18).

FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY

Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Use consistent syntax and format.

DEFINITION

A number used to uniquely identify the citations authority record to the computer system.

DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES

Optional: It is optional but highly recommended to use persistent unique numeric identifiers for the Citations Authority record in the computer system. Typically, such numeric schemes are composed of a consistent, defined range of integers (e.g., 12 number sequences, such as 100000000123). Alternatively, numbers may be applied sequentially beginning with number one.

TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT

Controlled format: This subcategory is automatically generated and controlled.

Examples of authority records:

• Brief Citation:🔺 Higgins, Minoan and Mycenaean Art (1967)
  Full Citation:🔺 Higgins, Reynold. Minoan and Mycenaean Art. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1967.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (2000)
  Full Citation:🔺 Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. 3rd ed. Edited by Cyril M. Harris. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Oxford Concise Dictionary of Art and Artists (1996)
  Full Citation:🔺 Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. Ian Chilvers, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Cole, Sienese Painting (1980)
  Full Citation:🔺 Cole, Bruce. Sienese Painting: From Its Origins to the Fifteenth Century. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Janson, History of Art (1971)
  Full Citation:🔺 Janson, H. W. History of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1971.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Pope-Hennessy, Raphael (1970)
  Full Citation:🔺 Pope-Hennessy, John. Raphael. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1970.

• Brief Citation:🔺 Adkins and Adkins, Thesaurus of British Archaeology (1982)
  Full Citation:🔺 Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins. Thesaurus of British Archaeology. Newton Abbot, England: David & Charles, 1982.

Authority records with indexing fields:

• Type: catalog
  Brief Citation:🔺 Trubner et al., Asiatic Art (1973)
  Full Citation:🔺 Trubner, Henry, William J. Rathbun, and Catherine A. Kaput. Asiatic Art in the Seattle Art Museum. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1973.
  Title: Asiatic Art in the Seattle Art Museum
  Author: Trubner, Henry
  Author: Rathbun, William J.
  Author: Kaput, Catherine A.
  Publication Place: Seattle (Washington, United States)
  Publisher: Seattle Art Museum
  Publication Year: 1973

• Type: reference
  Brief Citation:🔺 Smith, Egypt (1981)
  Full Citation:🔺 Smith, W. Stevenson. Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. 2nd ed., revised with additions by William Kelly Simpson. Pelican History of Art. New Haven and New York: Yale University Press, 1981.
  Title: Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
  Author: Smith, W. Stevenson
  Publication Place: New Haven (Connecticut, United States)
  Publication Place: New York (New York, United States)
  Publisher: Yale University Press
  Publication Year: 1981
  Edition Statement: 2nd edition

Citations linked to the object/work record, citations is a Source Brief Citation (27.2) display, linking to citations authority:

• Citations: Muller, Dutch Art (1997)
  Page: 320

• Citations: Grove Dictionary of Art (1996)
  Page: 5:328

• Citations: Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002)
  Page: “Laurens, Jean-Paul,” accessed 5 August 2002

• Citations:  New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967-1979)
  Page: Vailhé, S.,“Caesarea Palaestinae,” 3:89 ff.
  Work Cited or Illustrated: cited