Chicago
“Bibliography.” In
Mummy Portraits of Roman Egypt, Volume 2: Emerging Research
from the APPEAR Project. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2026.
https://www.getty.edu/publications/mummy-portraits-2/bibliography/.
MLA
“Bibliography.”
Mummy Portraits of Roman Egypt, Volume 2: Emerging Research
from the APPEAR Project, by Caroline R. Cartwright and Marie Svoboda, J. Paul Getty
Museum, 2026,
https://www.getty.edu/publications/mummy-portraits-2/bibliography/.
Accessed
DD Mon. YYYY.
Accorsi, Gianluca, Giovanni Verri, Margherita Bolognesi,
Nicola Armaroli, Catia Clementi, Costanza Miliani, and
Aldo Romani. 2009. “The Exceptional Near-Infrared
Luminescence Properties of Cuprorivaite (Egyptian Blue).”
Chemical Communications, no. 23, 3392–94.
https://doi.org/10.1039/B902563D.
Aceto et al. 2014
Aceto, Maurizio, Angelo Agostino, Gaia Fenoglio, Ambra
Idone, Monica Gulmini, Marcello Picollo, Paola Ricciardi,
and John K. Delaney. 2014. “Characterisation of Colourants
on Illuminated Manuscripts by Portable Fibre Optic
UV-Visible-NIR Reflectance Spectrophotometry.”
Analytical Methods 6 (5): 1488–1500.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41904e.
Adrian 1893
Adrian, Louis Alphonse. 1893.
Exposition internationale de Chicago, 1893, compte
rendu des groupes 87 et 88, Comité 19: Produits
chimiques et pharmaceutiques, matériel de la peinture,
parfumerie. A. Hennuyer.
Aldrovandi et al. 2004
Aldrovandi, Alfredo, Ezio Buzzegoli, Annette Keller, and
Diane Kunzelman. 2004. “Indagini su superfici dipinte
mediante immagini UV riflesse in falso colore.”
OPD Restauro, no. 16, 83–87, 197–99.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/24392513.
Allen 2005
Allen, James, ed. 2005.
The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt. The
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Allen 2019
Allen, Ruth. 2019. “‘Eye-Like Radiance’: The Depiction of
Gemstones in Roman Wall Painting.” Arts 8 (2):
60.
https://doi.org/10.3390/arts8020060.
Asensi Amorós, Victoria, and Pierre Détienne. 2008. “Les
bois utilisés pour les portraits peints en Egypte à
l’époque romaine.” In Aubert and Cortopassi 2008.
Asensi Amorós et al. 2001
Asensi Amorós, Victoria, Sylvie Colinart, Madeleine Fabre,
Catherine Gras, Hélène Guichard, Daniel Jaunard, and
Sylvie Watelet. 2001. “Survivre au-delà de la mort: Les
portraits funéraires égyptiens du musée des Beaux-Arts de
Dijon.” Technè, nos. 13–14, 119–30.
Aubert 2000
Aubert, Marie-France. 2000. “Portraits from Antinoopolis
and Other Sites.” In Walker 2000A.
Aubert and Cortopassi 2008
Aubert, Marie-France, and Roberta Cortopassi. 2008.
Portraits funéraires de l’Égypte romaine. Volume
2. Réunion des musées nationaux and Éditions Kheops.
Augusti 1967
Augusti, Selim. 1967. I colori Pompeiani. De
Luca.
Bagnall and Frier 1994
Bagnall, Roger S., and Bruce Frier. 1994.
The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge
University Press.
Bąkowska-Czerner and Czerner 2022
Bąkowska-Czerner, Grażyna, and Rafał Czerner. 2022.
“Marina El-Alamein as an Example of Painting Decoration of
Main Spaces of Hellenistic-Roman Houses in Egypt.”
Arts 11 (1): 2.
Barr 2020
Barr, Judith. 2020. “From All Sides: The APPEAR Project
and Mummy Portrait Provenance.” In Svoboda and Cartwright
2020.
Barr et al. 2019
Barr, Judith, Clara M. ten Berge, Jan M. van Daal, and
Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter. 2019. “The Girl with the
Golden Wreath: Four Perspectives on a Mummy Portrait.”
Arts 8 (3): 92–122.
Becker 2021
Becker, Hilary. 2021. “Pigment Nomenclature in the Ancient
Near East, Greece, and Rome.”
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14
(20).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01394-1.
Bell, Clark, and Gibbs 1997
Bell, Ian M., Robyn J. H. Clark, and Peter J. Gibbs. 1997.
“Raman Spectroscopic Library of Natural and Synthetic
Pigments (pre- ≈ 1850 AD).”
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy
53 (12): 2159–79.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00140-6.
Bernhard, Maria Ludwika. 1947. “Zbiory Sztuki Starożytnej
w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie w latach 1939–1946.”
Archeologia 1: 302–9.
Berrie 1997
Berrie, Barbara. “Prussian Blue.” 1997. In vol. 3 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Elizabeth FitzHugh. National Gallery of Art.
Bierbrier 1997
Bierbrier, Morris. 1997. “The Discovery of the Mummy
Portraits.” In Walker and Bierbrier 1997.
Bierbrier 2012
Bierbrier, Morris L. 2012.
Who Was Who in Egyptology. 4th ed. Egyptian
Exploration Society.
Bietenholz 1962
Bietenholz, Peter G. 1962. “Pietro Della Valle 1586–1652.”
Studien zur Geschichte der Orientkenntnis und des
Orientbildes im Abendlande
85: 205–8.
Biron and Pierrat-Bonnefois 2007
Biron, Isabelle, and Geneviève Pierrat-Bonnefois. 2007.
“La tête égyptienne en verre bleu du musée du Louvre.”
L’actualité chimique, nos. 312–313
(October–November): 47–52.
Bishop and Murad 2005
Bishop, Janice, and Enver Murad. 2005. “The Visible and
Infrared Spectral Properties of Jarosite and Alunite.”
American Mineralogist 90 (7): 1100–1107.
Bisulca et al. 2021
Bisulca, Christina, Ellen Hanspach-Bernal, Aaron Steele,
and Caroline Roberts. 2021. “Deconstructing an Ancient
Egyptian Mummy Portrait.”
Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 95 (1):
12–14.
Borchardt 1930
Borchardt, Ludwig. 1930. “Ägyptische ‘Altertümer’, die ich
für neuzeitlich halte.”
Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und
Altertumskunde
65 (1): unnumbered appendix.
Borg 1996
Borg, Barbara. 1996.
Mumienporträts: Chronologie und kulturelle Kontext. Philipp von Zabern.
Borg 1997
Borg, Barbara. 1997. “The Dead as a Guest at Table:
Continuity and Change in the Egyptian Cult of the Dead.”
In
Portraits and Masks: Burial Customs in Roman Egypt,
edited by Morris L. Bierbrier. The British Museum.
Borg 1998
Borg, Barbara. 1998. “Der zierlichste Anblick der Welt…”
In Ägyptische Porträtmumien. Phillip von Zabern.
Borg and Most 2000
Borg, Barbara E., and Glenn W. Most. 2000. “The Face of
the Elite.”
Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics,
3rd ser., 8 (1): 63–96.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20163786.
Borromeo et al. 2020
Borromeo, Georgina E., Ingrid A. Neuman, Scott Collins,
Catherine Cooper, Derek Merck, and David Murray. 2020.
“Framing the Heron Panel: Iconographic and Technical
Comparanda.” In Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Bostock and Riley 1855
Bostock, J., and H. Riley, trans. 1855.
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia). By
Pliny the Elder. Taylor and Francis; Henry G. Bohn.
Bouchard and Smith 2003
Bouchard, Michel, and David C. Smith. 2003. “Catalogue of
45 Reference Raman Spectra of Minerals Concerning Research
in Art History or Archaeology, Especially on Corroded
Metals and Coloured Glass.”
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy
59 (10): 2247–66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00069-6.
Boust and Wohlgelmuth 2017
Boust, Clotilde, and Anne Wohlgelmuth. 2017. “Database:
Pigments under UV and IR Radiations.” Scientific Imaging
for Cultural Heritage/Images scientifiques pour le
patrimoine. Hypotheses, August 18. Accessed June
30, 2021.
https://copa.hypotheses.org/552.
Bradley et al. 2020
Bradley, Lauren, Jessica Ford, Dawn Kriss, Victoria
Schussler, Federica Pozzi, Elena Basso, and Lisa Bruno.
2020. “Evaluating Multiband Reflectance Image Subtraction
for the Characterization of Indigo in Romano-Egyptian
Funerary Portraits.” In Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Bragantini 2010
Bragantini, Irene. 2010.
Atti del X Congresso internazionale dell’AIPMA,
Association internationale pour la peinture murale
antique, Napoli 17-21 Settembre 2007 / a cura di Irene
Bragantini. Annali di Archeologia e Storia Antica.
Quaderni / Dipartimento di Studi del Mondo Classico e
del Mediterraneo Antico, no. 18. Napoli: Universitá degli Studi di Napoli
“L’Orientale.”
Brecoulaki 2014
Brecoulaki, Harikleia, 2014. “‘Precious Colours’ in
Ancient Greek Polychromy and Painting: Material Aspects
and Symbolic Values.” Revue Archéologique, no. 1,
3–35.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/24751260.
Brecoulaki et al. 2019
Brecoulaki, Hariclia, Giovanni Verri, Brigitte Bourgeois,
Francesco Paolo Romano, Andreas G. Karydas, Claudia
Caliri, Elena Martín González, and Giorgos Kavvadias.
2019. “The ‘Lost Art’ of Archaic Greek Painting: Revealing
New Evidence on the Pitsa Pinakes through MA-XRF
and Imaging Techniques.” Technè 48: 34–54.
https://doi.org/10.4000/techne.2046.
Bredal-Jørgensen et al. 2011
Bredal-Jørgensen, Jørn, Jana Sanyova, Vibeke Rask, Maria
Louise Sargent, and Rikke Hoberg Therkildsen. 2011.
“Striking Presence of Egyptian Blue Identified in a
Painting by Giovanni Battista Benvenuto from 1524.”
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401:
1433–39.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5140-y.
Briefel 2006
Briefel, Aviva. 2006.
The Deceivers: Art Forgery and Identity in the
Nineteenth Century. Cornell University Press.
Brill 1980
Brill, Thomas B. 1980.
Light: Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities.
Plenum.
Broecke 2015
Broecke, Lara, trans. 2015.
Cennino Cennini’s Il Libro Dell’arte: A New English
Translation and Commentary with Italian
Transcription. Archetype.
Brøns et al. 2023
Brøns, Cecilie, Jens Stenger, Richard Newman, Caroline
Cartwright, Fabiana Di Gianvincenzo, Anna Katerinopoulou,
Luise Ørsted Brandt, Negar Haghipour, and Laura Hendriks.
2023. “‘A Lost Chapter of Ancient Art’: Archaeometric
Examinations of Panel Paintings from Roman Egypt.” Studies in Conservation 69 (7): 557–95.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2023.2256132.
Bruhn 1993
Bruhn, Jutta-Annette. 1993.
Coins and Costume in Late Antiquity. Dumbarton
Oaks.
Buckley et al. 2009
Buckley, Michael, Matthew Collins, Jane Thomas-Oates, and
Julie C. Wilson. 2009. “Species Identification by Analysis
of Bone Collagen Using Matrix-Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.”
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23
(23): 3843–54.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4316.
Burgio and Clark 2001
Burgio, Lucia, and Robyn J. H. Clark. 2001. “Library of
FT-Raman Spectra of Pigments, Minerals, Pigment Media and
Varnishes, and Supplement to Existing Library of Raman
Spectra of Pigments with Visible Excitation.”
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy
57 (7): 1491–521.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(00)00495-9.
Caley 2008
Caley, Earle Radcliffe. 2008.
The Leyden and Stockholm Papyri. Oesper
Collections in the History of Chemistry, University of
Cincinnati.
Cardon et al. 2018
Cardon, Dominique, Witold Nowik, Adam Bülow-Jacobsen,
Renata Marcinowska, Katarzyna Kusyk, and Marek
Trojanowicz. 2018. “La pourpre en Egypte romaine: Récentes
découvertes, implications techniques, économiques et
sociales.” In
Les arts de la couleur en Grèce ancienne… et
ailleurs,
edited by Philippe Jockey. École française d’Athènes.
Cartwright 1997A
Cartwright, Caroline R. 1997. “Egyptian Mummy Portraits:
Examining the Woodworkers’ Craft.” In
Portraits and Masks:
Burial Customs in Roman Egypt, edited by Morris
Bierbrier. The British Museum.
Cartwright 1997B
Cartwright, Caroline R. 1997. Wood identifications
for Walker and Bierbrier 1997, multiple pages.
Cartwright 2015
Cartwright, Caroline R. 2015. “The Principles, Procedures
and Pitfalls in Identifying Archaeological and Historical
Wood Samples.” Annals of Botany 116 (1): 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv056.
Cartwright 2020
Cartwright, Caroline R. 2020. “Understanding Wood Choices
for Ancient Panel Painting and Mummy Portraits in the
APPEAR Project through Scanning Electron Microscopy.” In
Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
https://www.getty.edu/publications/mummyportraits/part-one/2.
Cartwright 2022
Cartwright, Caroline R. 2022. “Identification of the Wood
Used for the Mummy Portrait 25.2 in the Collection of the
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan.” Internal Document,
Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum.
Cartwright and Middleton 2008
Cartwright, Caroline R., and Andrew P. Middleton. 2008.
“Scientific Aspects of Ancient Faces: Mummy Portraits from
Egypt.” TheBritish Museum Technical Research Bulletin 2:
59–66.
Cartwright, Spaabæk, and Svoboda 2011
Caroline R. Cartwright, Lin Rosa Spaabæk, and Marie
Svoboda. 2011. “Portrait Mummies from Roman Egypt: Ongoing
Collaborative Research on Wood Identification.”
The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin 5:
49–58.
Casadio et al. 2019
Casadio, Francesca, Katrien Keune, Petria Noble, Annelies
Van Loon, Ella Hendriks, Silvia A. Centeno, and Gillian
Osmond. 2019. Metal Soaps in Art. Springer
International.
Centeno 2016
Centeno, Silvia A. 2016. “Identification of Artistic
Materials in Paintings and Drawings by Raman Spectroscopy:
Some Challenges and Future Outlook.”
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 47 (1): 9–15.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4767.
Challis 2013
Challis, Debbie. 2013.
The Archaeology of Race. Bloomsbury.
Chatterjee and Hannan 2016
Chatterjee, Helen J., and Leonie Hannan. 2016.
Engaging the Senses: Object-Based Learning in Higher
Education.
Routledge.
Clarysse, Willy. 1995. “Greeks in Ptolemaic Thebes.” In
Hundred-Gated Thebes: Acts of a Colloquium on Thebes
and the Theban Area in the Graeco-Roman Period, edited by Sven P. Vleeming. Brill.
Clementi et al. 2008
Clementi, Catia, Brenda Doherty, Pier Luigi Gentili,
Costanza Miliani, Aldo Romani, Bruno G. Brunetti, and
Antonio Sgamellotti. 2008. “Vibrational and Electronic
Properties of Painting Lakes.”
Applied Physics A 92 (1): 25–33.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4474-6.
Clerc (1847) 2009
Clerc, Alfred. 1847. “Lettre à M. De Saulcy sur Quelques
Antiquités Égyptiennes et sur le Boeuf Apis.”
Revue Archéologique 3 (2): 649–67. Translated in
Fiechter 2009. Flammarion.
Colinart and Grappin‐Wsevolojsky 1999
Colinart, Sylvie, and Sibille Grappin-Wsevolojsky. 1999.
“La cire punique: Étude critique des recettes antiques et
de leur interprétation; Application aux portraits du
Fayoum.” In
ICOM-CC 12th Triennial Meeting, Lyon, vol. 1,
edited by Janet Bridgland and Jessica Brown. James &
James.
Colinart et al. 2001
Colinart, Sylvie, et al. 2001. “Masques funéraires
égyptiens de l’époque romaine.” In
Le plâtre: L’art et la matière, edited by Georges
Barthe. Créaphis.
Colombo 1995
Colombo, L. 1995.
I colori degli antichi. Nardini.
Connan 1999
Connan, Jacques. 1999. “Use and Trade of Bitumen in
Antiquity and Prehistory: Molecular Archaeology Reveals
Secrets of Past Civilizations.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences
354 (1379): 33–50.
http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0358.
Cooney 1950
Cooney, John D. 1950. “A Reexamination of Some Egyptian
Antiquities.” Brooklyn Museum Bulletin 11 (3):
11–26.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/26458610.
Corcoran 1995
Corcoran, Lorelei H. 1995.
Portrait Mummies from Roman Egypt (I–IV Centuries AD):
With a Catalog of Portrait Mummies in Egyptian
Museums.
Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Corcoran and Svoboda 2010
Corcoran, Lorelei H., and Marie Svoboda. 2010.
Herakleides: A Portrait Mummy from Roman Egypt.
J. Paul Getty Museum.
Cosentino, Antonino. 2014. “Identification of Pigments by
Multispectral Imaging: A Flowchart Method.”
Conservation Heritage Science 2 (8): 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-7445-2-8.
Cowell and Craddock 1995
Cowell, M. R., and P. T. Craddock. 1995. “Addendum: Copper
in the Skin of Lindow Man.” In
Bog Bodies: New Discoveries and New Perspectives,
edited by R. C. Turner and R. G. Scaife, 74–75. British
Museum Press.
Cucci et al. 2019
Cucci, Costanza, E. Keats Webb, Andrea Casini, Marina
Ginanni, Elena Prandi, Lorenzo Stefani, Tatiana Vitorino,
and Marcello Picollo. 2019. “Short-Wave Infrared
Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging for Painting
Investigations: A Methodological Study.”
Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
58 (1–2): 16–36.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01971360.2018.1543102.
Cumbo 2019
Cumbo, Cristina. 2019.
Le c.d. gammadiae nelle catacombe cristiane di Roma:
Censimento, confronti ed ipotesi interpretative. BAR Publishing.
Cuní et al. 2012
Cuní, Jorge, Pedro Cuní, Brielle Eisen, Rubén Savizkyc,
and John Bové. 2012. “Characterization of the Binding
Medium Used in Roman Encaustic Paintings on Wall and
Wood.” Analytical Methods 4 (3): 659–69.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C2AY05635F.
Dandrau 1999
Dandrau, Alain. 1999. “La peinture murale minoenne, I. La
palette du peintre égéen et égyptien à l’Âge du Bronze:
Nouvelles données analytiques.”
Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 123 (1):
1–41.
https://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0007-4217_1999_num_123_1_7209.
Daszewski, Wiktor Andrzej. 2008. “Graeco-Roman Town and
Necropolis in Marina El-Alamei.”
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 20:
421–56.
Davies 1984
Davies, W. Vivian. 1984.
The Statuette of Queen Tetisheri: A Reconsideration. The British Museum.
Davis 1989
Davis, Whitney M. 1989.
The Canonical Tradition in Ancient Egyptian Art.
Cambridge University Press.
Davis 2021
Davis, Paul R. 2021. “The Twentieth-Century Life of a
‘Hellenistic’ or ‘Imperial Roman’ Statue of a Bull.” In
Hopkins, Costello, and Davis 2021.
Davy 1815
Davy, Humphry. 1815. “Some Experiments and Observations on
the Colours Used in Painting by the Ancients.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London
105: 97–124.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/107361.
Dean-Jones 1991
Dean-Jones, Lesley. 1991. “The Cultural Construct of the
Female Body in Classical Greek Science.” In
Women’s History and Ancient History, edited by
Sarah B. Pomeroy. University of North Carolina Press.
de Cenival 1991
de Cenival, Jean-Louis. 1991. “La fin de la tête de
harpe.”
La Revue du Louvre et des musées de France 1:
6–7.
de Faria, Silva, and de Oliveira 1997
de Faria, Dalva L. A., S. Venâncio Silva, and M. T. de
Oliveira. 1997. “Raman Microspectroscopy of Some Iron
Oxides and Oxyhydroxides.”
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 28 (11): 873–78.
Delamare, Monge, and Repoux 2004
Delamare, François, Gabriel Monge, and Monique Repoux.
2004. “À la recherche de différentes qualités marchandes
dans les bleus égyptiens trouvés à Pompéi.”
Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 15: 89–107.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/44291046.
Delaney et al. 2017
Delaney, John K., Kathryn A. Dooley, Roxanne Radpour, and
Ioanna Kakoulli. 2017. “Macroscale Multimodal Imaging
Reveals Ancient Painting Production Technology and the
Vogue in Greco-Roman Egypt.” Scientific Reports 7
(1): 15509.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15743-5.
de la Rie 1982
de la Rie, E. René. 1982. “Fluorescence of Paint and
Varnish Layers (Part I).”
Studies in Conservation 27 (1): 1–7.
de Vartavan 2007
de Vartavan, Christian T. 2007. “Pistacia Species in
Relation to Their Use as Varnish and ‘Incense’ (Sntr) in
Pharaonic Egypt.”
Bulletin of Parthian and Mixed Oriental Studies,
no. 2, 63–92.
de Vartavan 2009
de Vartavan, Christian T. 2009. “Labeling Ancient Egyptian
Complex-Media Varnish as ‘Imperial.’”
Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 1
(2): 26–28.
De Viguerie et al. 2018
De Viguerie, Laurence, Sophie Rochut, Matthias Alfeld,
Philippe Walter, Sophie Astier, Valérie Gontero, and
Florence Boulc’h. 2018. “XRF and Reflectance Hyperspectral
Imaging on a 15th-Century Illuminated
Manuscript: Combining Imaging and Quantitative Analysis to
Understand the Artist’s Technique.” Heritage Science 6: 11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0177-2.
Dietemann et al. 2017
Dietemann, Patrick, Heike Stege, Ursula Baumer, Andrea
Obermeier, Christoph Steuer, Luise Sand, Catharine
Blӓndsdorf, Elisabeth Fugmann, and Kristian Kaiser. 2017.
“Pigmente und Bindemittel antiker Mumienporträts.” In
Inkarnat und Signifikanz: Das menschliche Abbild in der
Tafelmalerei von 200 bis 1250 im Mittelmeerraum, edited by Yvonne Schmuhl and Esther Pia Wipfler.
Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte.
Doxiadis 1995
Doxiadis, Euphrosyne. 1995.
The Mysterious Fayum Portraits: Faces from Ancient
Egypt.
Thames & Hudson.
Drerup 1933
Drerup, Heinrich. 1933.
Die Datierung der Mumienporträts. Ferdinand
Schönigh.
Drimmer 2022
Drimmer, Sonja. 2022. “Connoisseurship, Art History, and
the Paleographical Impasse in Middle English Studies.”
Speculum 97 (2): 415–68.
Duce et al. 2012
Duce, Celia, Lisa Ghezzi, Massimo Onor, Ilaria Bonaduce,
Maria Perla Colombini, Maria Rosaria Tine’, and Emilia
Bramanti. 2012. “Physico-Chemical Characterisation of
Protein-Pigment Interactions in Tempera Paint
Reconstructions: Casein/Cinnabar and Albumin/Cinnabar.”
Analytical andBioanalytical Chemistry 402 (6): 2183–93.
Dunand and Zivie-Coche 2004
Dunand, Françoise, and Christiane Zivie-Coche. 2004.
Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE.
Cornell University Press.
Dyer and Newman 2020
Dyer, Joanne, and Nicola Newman. 2020. “Multispectral
Imaging Techniques Applied to the Study of Romano‑Egyptian
Funerary Portraits at the British Museum.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
Dyer, Verri, and Cupitt 2013
Dyer, Joanne, Giovanni Verri, and John Cupitt. 2013.
Multispectral Imaging in Reflectance and Photo-Induced
Luminescence Modes: A User Manual.
The British Museum.
Eastaugh et al. 2004
Eastaugh, Nicholas, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, and
Ruth Siddall. 2004.
Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy
of Historical Pigments. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Eastaugh et al. 2008
Eastaugh, Nicholas, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, and
Ruth Siddall. 2008.
Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy
of Historical Pigments. 3rd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ebbinghaus, Susanne, Georgina Rayner, Kate Smith, and Jen
Thum. 2022. “Funerary Portraits from Roman Egypt: Facing
Forward.” Harvard Art Museums. Accessed September 2, 2022.
https://harvardartmuseums.org/tour/770.
Ebers, Georg. 1893.
Antike Portraits: Die hellenistischen Bildnisse aus dem
Fajjûm. Leipzig.
Edgar 1905
Edgar, Campbell C. 1905.
Graeco-Egyptian Coffins and Portraits: Catalogue
général des antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire. Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie
orientale.
Edwards Howell et al. 2007
Edwards Howell, G. M., Ben Stern, Susana E. Jorge Villar,
and A. Rosalie David. 2007. “Combined FT-Raman
Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Study of Ancient
Egyptian Sarcophagal Fragments.”
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 387 (3):
829–36.
El-Rifai, Mahgoub, and Ide-Ektassabi 2016
El-Rifai, Ibrahim, Hend Mahgoub, and Ari Ide-Ektessabi.
2016. “Multi-Spectral Imaging System (IWN) for the
Digitization and Investigation of Cultural Heritage.” In
Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage:
Documentation, Preservation, and Protection: 6th
International Conference, EuroMed 2016, Nicosia, Cyprus,
October 31–November 5, 2016, Proceedings, Part I. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48496-9_19.
Elston and Maish 2001
Elston, Maya, and Jeffrey Maish. 2001. “Technical
Investigation of a Painted Romano-Egyptian Sarcophagus
from the Fourth Century A.D.” In vol. 2 of
Studia Varia from the J. Paul Getty Museum. J.
Paul Getty Museum.
Fairbanks and Fairbanks 2005
Fairbanks, Avard T., and Eugene F. Fairbanks. 2005.
Human Proportions for Artists. Fairbanks Art and
Books.
Feller 1986
Feller, Robert. 1986. “Barium Sulfate.” In vol. 1 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Robert Feller. National Gallery of Art.
Fiechter 2009
Fiechter, Jean-Jacques. 2009.
Egyptian Fakes: Masterpieces That Duped the Art World
and the Experts Who Uncovered Them. Flammarion.
FitzHugh 1986
FitzHugh, Elisabeth West. 1986. “Red Lead and Minium.” In
vol. 1 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Robert Feller. National Gallery of Art.
Fouqué 1889
Fouqué, Ferdinand. 1889. “Sur le bleu égyptien ou
vestorien.”
Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie
des sciences
108: 325–27.
Fournet 2004
Fournet, Jean-Luc. 2004. “Deux textes relatifs à des
couleurs: 1. Liste mentionnant des teintures (P. Société
Fouad inv. 99); 2. Un portrait avec des indications
destinées au peintre (Phoebe Hearst Museum [Berkeley] inv.
6/21378b).” In
Gedenkschrift Ulrike Horak (P. Horak), edited by
Hermann Harrauer and Rosario Pintaudi. Papyrologica
Florentina 34. Gonnelli.
Freccero 2000
Freccero, Agneta. 2000.
Fayum Portraits: Documentation and Scientific Analysis
of Mummy Portraits Belonging to Nationalmuseum in
Stockholm.
Acta Universitatis Gothoborgensis.
Fulcher et al. 2021
Fulcher, Kate, Margaret Serpico, John H. Taylor, and
Rebecca Stacey. 2021. “Molecular Analysis of Black
Coatings and Anointing Fluids from Ancient Egyptian
Coffins, Mummy Cases, and Funerary Objects.”
PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America
118 (18): e2100885118.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100885118.
Galán 2007
Galán, José M. 2007. “An Apprentice’s Board from Dra Abu
el-Naga.” JEA (Journal of Egyptian Archaeology) 93 (2007): 95–116.
Ganio et al. 2015
Ganio, Monica, Johanna Salvant, Jane Williams, Lynn Lee,
Oliver Cossairt, and Marc Walton. 2015. “Investigating the
Use of Egyptian Blue in Roman Egyptian Portraits and
Panels from Tebtunis, Egypt.”
Applied Physics A 121 (3): 813–21.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9424-5.
Gänsicke 2010
Gänsicke, Susanne. 2010. “The Conservation of Decorated
Organic Egyptian Surfaces: A Literature Review.” In
Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects:
Technology, Deterioration, and Conservation;Proceedings of a Conference Held in Cambridge, UK, on
7–8 September 2007, edited by Julie Dawson, Christina Rozeik, and Margot M.
Wright. Archetype.
Gehad et al. 2022
Gehad, Basem, Lorelai H. Corcoran, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Ahmed
Hammad, Mohamed Samah, Abd Allah Abdo, and Omar
Fekry. 2022. “Newly Discovered Mummy Portraits from the
Necropolis of Ancient Philadelphia–Fayum.”
BIFAO 122, 245–64.
https://journals.openedition.org/bifao/11727.
Granger, Frank, trans. 1931.
On Architecture; Volume I: Books 1–5. By
Vitruvius. Harvard University Press.
Granger 1934
Granger, Frank, trans. 1934.
On Architecture; Volume II: Books 6–10. By
Vitruvius. Harvard University Press.
Griswold 2014
Griswold, Geneva. 2014. “Light as a Feather, Stiff as a
Board: Highlights from the Objects Lab at the Walters Art
Museum.” Unpublished document. Walters Art Museum.
Gschwantler 2000
Gschwantler, Kurt. 2000. “Graeco-Roman Portraiture.” In
Walker 2000A.
Halleux 1981
Halleux, Robert. 1981.
Les alchimistes grecs. Tome I. Papyrus de Leyde.
Papyrus de Stockholm. Fragments de recettes. Texte
établi et traduit par Robert Halleux.
Les Belles Lettres.
Hanke 1961
Hanke, Rainer. 1961.
Untersuchungen zur Komposition des ägyptischen
Flachbildes. PhD diss. Kramer.
Hardwick 2010
Hardwick, Tom. 2010. “A Group of Art Works in the Amarna
Style.” In
Offerings to the Discerning Eye: An Egyptological
Medley in Honor of Jack A. Josephson, edited by Sue D’Auria. Brill.
Hart 2016
Hart, Mary Louise. 2016. “A Portrait of a Bearded Man
Flanked by Isis and Serapis.” In
Icon, Cult and Context: Sacred Spaces and Objects in
the Classical World, edited by Maura K. Heyn and Ann Irvine Steinsapir. UCLA
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
Hatchfield and Newman 1991
Hatchfield, Pamela, and Richard Newman. 1991. “Ancient
Egyptian Gilding Methods.” In
Gilded Wood: Conservation and History, edited by
Deborah Bigelow et al. Sound View Press.
Haugan and Holst 2013
Haugan, E., and Bodil Holst. 2013. “Determining the
Fibrillar Orientation of Bast Fibers with Polarized Light
Microscopy: The Modified Herzog Test (Red Plate Test)
Explained.” Journal of Microscopy 252 (2):
159–68.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12079.
Henzel, Watanabe, and Stults 2003
Henzel, William J., Colin Watanabe, and John T. Stults.
2003. “Protein Identification: The Origins of Peptide Mass
Fingerprinting.”
Journal of the American Society of Mass
Spectrometry
14 (9): 931–42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00214-9.
Hetherington 1996
Hetherington, Paul, trans. 1996.
The “Painter’s Manual” of Dionysius of Fourna. By
Dionysius of Fourna. Oakwood.
Hett 1936
Hett, W., trans. 1936.
Minor Works: On Colours, On Things Heard,
Physiognomics, On Plants, On Marvelous Things Heard,
Mechanical Problems, On Indivisible Lines, The
Situations and Names of Words, On Melissus, Xenophanes,
and Gorgia. By Aristotle. Harvard University Press.
Hillyer 1984
Hillyer, Lynda. 1984. “The Conservation of a Group of
Painted Mummy Cloths from Roman Egypt.”
Studies in Conservation 29 (1): 1–9.
Hofko et al. 2017
Hofko, Bernhard, Mohammad Zia Alavi, Hinrich Grothe, David
Jones, and John Harvey. 2017. “Repeatability and
Sensitivity of FTIR ATR Spectral Analysis Methods for
Bituminous Binders.” Materials and Structures 50
(3): 1–15.
Hopkins, Costello, and Davis 2021
Hopkins, John N., Sarah K. Costello, and Paul R. Davis,
eds. 2021.
Object Biographies: Collaborative Approaches to Ancient
Mediterranean Art.
Yale University Press.
Horie 1987
Horie, Charles V. 1987.
Materials for Conservation.
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Hoving 1997
Hoving, Thomas. 1997.
False Impressions: The Hunt for Big-Time Art Fakes. Touchstone.
Ichimiya 2021
Ichimiya, Yae. 2021. “FORS Identification of Azurite,
Indigo, and Prussian Blue in Chinese Paintings.” In
Scientific Studies of Pigments in Chinese Paintings, edited by Blythe McCarthy and Jennifer Giaccai.
Archetype.
Ikram 1995
Ikram, Salima. 1995. “Food for Eternity: What the Ancient
Egyptians Ate and Drank, Part 1: Meat, Fish Fowl.”
KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt 5 (1):
24–33.
Ikram and Dodson 1998
Ikram, Salima, and Aidan Dodson. 1998.
The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for
Eternity. Thames & Hudson.
Imbrogno, Nayak, and Belfort 2014
Imbrogno, Joseph, Arpad Nayak, and Georges Belfort. 2014.
“Egg Varnishes on Ancient Paintings: A Molecular
Connection to Amyloid Proteins.”
Angewandte Chemie 53 (27).
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201400251.
Iversen 1955
Iversen, Erik. 1955.
Canon and Proportion in Egyptian Art. Sidgwick
and Jackson.
Jaeschke 1997
Jaeschke, Richard L. 1997. “Mechanical Cleaning and the
Conservation of Portraits from the Petrie Museum of
Egyptian Archaeology.” In
Portraits and Masks: Burial Customs in Roman Egypt, edited by Morris Bierbrier. The British Museum.
Jenkins 2015
Jenkins, Ian, ed. 2015.
Defining Beauty: The Body in Ancient Greek Art.
The British Museum.
Jensen and Muhlestein 2020
Jensen, Bethany, and Kerry Muhlestein. 2020. “The Mummy
Portraits of Fag el-Gamous.” In
Excavations at the Seila Pyramid and Fag el-Gamous
Cemetery,
edited by Kerry Muhlestein, Bethany Jensen, and Krystal V.
L. Pierce. Brill.
Jimenez 2014
Jimenez, Lisette Marie. 2014. “Transfiguring the Dead: The
Iconography, Commemorative Use, and Materiality of Mummy
Shrouds from Roman Egypt.” PhD diss., University of
California, Berkeley. ProQuest
(Jimenez_berkeley_0028E_14840).
Jiménez et al. 2004
Jiménez, Juan J., José L. Bernal, S. Aumente, María Jesús
del Nozal, María Teresa Martín, and José Bernal Jr. 2004.
“Quality Assurance of Commercial Beeswax. Part I. Gas
Chromatography–Electron Impact Ionization Mass
Spectrometry of Hydrocarbons and Monoesters.” Journal of Chromatography A 1024 (1–2): 147–54.
Jones 2019
Jones, Nathaniel B. 2019.
Painting, Ethics, and Aesthetics in Rome.
Cambridge University Press.
Jones, Craddock, and Barker 1990
Jones, Mark, Paul T. Craddock, and Nicolas Barker. 1990.
Fake? The Art of Deception. University of
California Press.
Kakoulli 2009
Kakoulli, Ioanna. 2009.
Greek Painting Techniques and Materials: From the
Fourth to the First Century BC. Archetype.
Kersel 2021
Kersel, Morag M. 2021. “Telling Stories of Objects.” In
Hopkins, Costello, and Davis 2021.
Kielland 1955
Kielland, Else Christie. 1955.
Geometry in Egyptian Art. Tiranti.
King 2016
King, Helen. 2016.
The One-Sex Body on Trial: The Classical and Early
Modern Evidence. Routledge.
Kirby et al. 2011
Kirby, Daniel P., Narayan Khandekar, Julie Arslanoglu, and
Ken Sutherland. 2011. “Protein Identification in Artworks
by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting.” In
ICOM Committee for Conservation, 16th Triennial
Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 19–23 September 2011, edited by Janet Bridgland. Critério Artes Gráficas.
Kirby et al. 2023
Kirby, Daniel P., Marie Svoboda, Joy Mazurek, Lin Rosa
Spaabæk, and John Southon. 2023. “Characterization of an
Unusual Coating on Funerary Portraits from Roman Egypt
circa 100–300 AD.” Heritage Science 11: 1–18.
Kirby, Saunders, and Spring 2006
Kirby, Jo, David Saunders, and Marika Spring. 2006.
“Proscribed Pigments in Northern European Renaissance
Painting and the Case of Paris Red.” In
The Object in Context: Crossing Conservation
Boundaries, edited by David Saunders, Joyce H. Townsend, and Sally
Woodcock. International Institute of Conservation.
Kirby, Spring, and Higgitt 2005
Kirby, Jo, Marika Spring, and Catherine Higgitt. 2005.
“The Technology of Red Lake Pigment Manufacture: Study of
the Dyestuff Substrate.”
National Gallery Technical Bulletin 26: 71–87.
Knauer 1993
Knauer, Elfriede R. 1993. “Roman Wall Painting from
Boscotrecase: Three Studies in the Relationship Between
Writing and Painting.”
Metropolitan Museum Journal 28: 13–46.
Koeppen, R. C. 1973. “Report Sent to Hubert Von
Sonnenburg, Dated January 31, 1973.” Center for Wood
Anatomy Research, Forest Service, United States of
Agriculture.
Konstan 2014
Konstan, David. 2014.
Beauty: The Fortunes of an Ancient Greek Idea.
Oxford University Press.
Kostomitsopoulou Marketou et al. 2020
Kostomitsopoulou Marketou, Ariadne, Fabrizio Andriulo,
Calin Steindal, and Søren Handberg. 2020. “Egyptian Blue
Pellets from the First Century BCE Workshop of Kos
(Greece): Microanalytical Investigation by Optical
Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-X-ray Energy
Dispersive Spectroscopy and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy.”
Minerals 10 (12): 1063.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121063.
Krohn 1912
Krohn, F., ed. On Architecture. By Vitruvius. B.
G. Teubner.
Kühn 1960
Kühn, Hermann. 1960. “Detection and Identification of
Waxes, Including Punic Wax by Infrared Spectrography.”
Studies in Conservation 5 (2): 71–81.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1504955.
Kühn 1986
Kühn, Hermann. 1986. “Zinc White.” In vol. 1 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Robert Feller. National Gallery of Art.
Laes and Strubbe 2014
Laes, Christian, and Johan Strubbe. 2014.
Youth in the Roman Empire: The Young and the Restless
Years?
Cambridge University Press.
Lajtar 2005
Lajtar, Adam. 2005.
Deir el-Bahari in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods: A
Study of an Egyptian Temple Based on Greek Sources. Institute of Archaeology, Department of Papyrology,
Warsaw University.
Lajtar 2012
Lajtar, Adam. 2012. “The Theban Region Under the Roman
Empire.” In The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt,
edited by Christina Riggs. Oxford University Press.
Larsen, Coluzzi, and Cosentino 2016
Larsen, Randolph, Nicolette Coluzzi, and Antonino
Cosentino. 2016. “Free XRF Spectroscopy Database of
Pigments Checker.”
International Journal of Conservation Science 7
(3): 659–68.
Laver 1997
Laver, Marilyn. 1997. “Titanium White.” In vol. 3 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Elisabeth FitzHugh. National Gallery of Art.
Lazzarini 1982
Lazzarini, Lorenzo. 1982. “The Discovery of Egyptian Blue
in a Roman Fresco of the Mediaeval Period (Ninth Century
AD).” Studies in Conservation 27 (2): 84–86.
https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.1982.27.2.84.
Lee and Quirke 2000
Lee, Lorna, and Stephen Quirke. 2000. “Painting
Materials.” In Nicholson and Shaw 2000.
Lee et al. 2015
Lee, Hae Young, Natalya Atlasevich, Clara Granzotto, Julia
Schultz, John Loike, and Julie Arslanoglu. 2015.
“Development and Application of an ELISA Method for the
Analysis of Protein-Based Binding Media of Artworks.”
Analytical Methods 7 (1): 187–96.
Lehmann, A. S. 2014. “Stil und Material: Ein beschraenktes
Verhaeltnis.”
kritische berichte – Zeitschrift für Kunst- und
Kulturwissenschaften
42 (1): 127–36.
Lenain 2011
Lenain, Thierry. 2011.
Art Forgery: The History of a Modern Obsession.
Reaktion.
Lilyquist, Hoch, and Peden 2003
Lilyquist, Christine, James E. Hoch, and A. J. Peden.
2003.
The Tomb of Three Foreign Wives of Tuthmosis III.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Lluveras et al. 2010
Lluveras, Anna, Anna Torrents, Pilar Giráldez, and Marius
Vendrell-Saz. 2010. “Evidence for the Use of Egyptian Blue
in an 11th-Century Mural Altarpiece by SEM–EDS, FTIR and
SR XRD (Church of Sant Pere, Terrassa, Spain).”
Archaeometry 52 (2): 308–19.
Longoni et al. 2022
Longoni, Margherita, Beatrice Genova, Alessia Marzanni,
Daniela Melfi, Carlotta Beccaria, and Silvia Bruni. 2022.
“FT-NIR Spectroscopy for the Non-Invasive Study of Binders
and Multi-Layered Structures in Ancient Paintings:
Artworks of the Lombard Renaissance as Case Studies.”
Sensors 22 (5): 2052.
Lowe 1897
Lowe, John. 1897.
The Yew-Trees of Great Britain and Ireland.
Macmillan.
Lucas and Harris 1962
Lucas, Alfred, and J. R. Harris. 1962.
Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries.
Histories & Mysteries of Man.
Maclehose 1960
Maclehose, Louisa S., trans. 1960.
Vasari on Technique. By Vasari. Dover.
Mallgrave 2006
Mallgrave, Harry, trans. 2006.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann: History of the Art of
Antiquity.
Getty Research Institute.
Manley and Rée 2001
Manley, Deborah, and Peta Rée. 2001.
Henry Salt: Artist, Traveller, Diplomat,
Egyptologist. Libri.
Manning 2013
Manning, Joseph. 2013. “Thebes (Diospolis Magna),
Ptolemaic and Roman Periods.” In
The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, edited by
Roger S. Bagnall, Kai Brodersen, Craige B. Champion,
Andrew Erskine, and Sabine R. Huebner. Blackwell.
Maravelia 2019
Maravelia, Alicia. 2019. “The Conception of the Cosmic Egg
in the Ancient Egyptian and in the Orphic Cosmovision.”
The Oriental Studies (83): 25–52.
Marconi 1967
Marconi, Bohdan. 1967. “Wspomnienia z lat 1939–1945.”
Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie 11: 269–77.
Matheson 2022
Matheson, Susan. 2022. “Individuality and Old Age in the
Painted Funerary Portraits of Roman Egypt.” Harvard Art
Museums. Accessed December 29, 2024.
https://harvardartmuseums.org/tour/770/slide/12398.
Mathews 2016
Mathews, Thomas F. 2016. “Appendix B – Media Analysis.” In
Mathews and Müller 2016.
Mathews and Müller 2016
Mathews, Thomas F., and Norman E. Müller. 2016.
The Dawn of Christian Art in Panel Paintings and
Icons. J. Paul Getty Museum.
Mayberger et al. 2020
Mayberger, Evelyn (Eve), Jessica Arista, Marie Svoboda,
and Molly Gleeson. 2020. “Invisible Brushstrokes Revealed:
Technical Imaging and Research of Romano-Egyptian Mummy
Portraits.” In Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Mazurek 2020
Mazurek, Joy. 2020. “Characterization of Binding Media in
Roman-Egyptian Funerary Portraits.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
Mazurek et al. 2008
Mazurek, Joy, Michael Schilling, Giacomo Chiari, and Arlen
Heginbotham. 2008. “Antibody Assay to Characterize Binding
Media in Paint.” In
ICOM Committee for Conservation 15th Triennial Meeting,
New Delhi, India, 22–26 September 2008, edited by Janet Bridgland. Allied.
Mazurek et al. 2014
Mazurek, Joy, Marie Svoboda, Jeffrey Maish, Kazuki
Kawahara, Shunsuke Fukakusa, Takashi Nakazawa, and Yoko
Taniguchi. 2014. “Characterization of Binding Media in
Egyptian Roman Portraits Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay and Mass Spectrometry.”
e-Preservation Science 11: 76–83.
Mazurek, Svoboda, and Schilling 2019
Mazurek, Joy, Marie Svoboda, and Michael Schilling. 2019.
“GC/MS Characterization of Beeswax, Protein, Gum, Resin,
and Oil in Romano-Egyptian Paintings.” Heritage 2
(3): 1960–85.
https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030119.
Michałowski, Kazimierz. 1957. “Galeria Sztuki Starożytnej
w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie.”
Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie 2: 101–38.
Middleton 2018
Middleton, William. 2018.
Double Vision: The Unerring Eye of Art World Avatars
Dominique and John de Menil. Knopf.
Miliani et al. 2010
Miliani, Costanza, Alessia Daveri, Lin R. Spaabæk, Aldo
Romani, Valentina Manuali, Antonio Sgamellotti, and
Brunetto G. Brunetti. 2010. “Bleaching of Red Lake
Pigments in Encaustic Mummy Portraits.”
Applied Physics A 100 (3): 703–11.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5748-3.
Millon 1958
Millon, Henry. 1958. “The Architectural Theory of
Francesco di Giorgio.” The Art Bulletin 40 (3):
257–61.
Monico et al. 2013
Monico, Letizia, Francesca Rosi, Costanza Miliani, Alessia
Daveri, and Brunetto G. Brunetti. 2013.
“Non-Invasive Identification of Metal-Oxalate Complexes on
Polychrome Artwork Surfaces by Reflection Mid-Infrared
Spectroscopy.”
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy
116: 270–80.
Montserrat 1993
Montserrat, Dominic. 1993. “The Representation of Young
Males in ‘Fayum Portraits.’”
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79: 215–25.
Montserrat 1998
Montserrat, Dominic. 1998.
Changing Bodies, Changing Meanings: Studies on the
Human Body in Antiquity.
Routledge.
Moreau et al. 2023
Moreau, Raphaël, Lucile Brunel-Duverger, Laurent Pichon,
Brice Moignard, Didier Gourier, and Thomas Calligaro.
2023. “Application of a MA-XRF/RIS/PL Scanner to Paintwork
Studies.” European Physical Journal Plus 138: 16.
Moreau et al. 2024
Moreau, Raphaël, Thomas Calligaro, Laurent Pichon, Brice
Moignard, Sorin Hermon, and Ina Reiche. “A Multimodal
Scanner Coupling XRF, UV–Vis–NIR Photoluminescence and
Vis–NIR–SWIR Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy for Cultural
Heritage Studies.” X-Ray Spectrometry 53 (2):
271–81.
https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3364.
Morgan 1914
Morgan, M., trans. 1914.
The Ten Books on Architecture. By Vitruvius.
Harvard University Press.
Morgan 2006
Morgan, Morris Hicky, trans. 2006.
Vitruvius Pollio: The Ten Books on Architecture.
Adamant Media.
Naini, F. B., M. T. Cobourne, F. McDonald, and A. N. A.
Donaldson. 2008. “The Influence of Craniofacial to
Standing Height Proportion on Perceived Attractiveness.”
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery
37 (10): 877–85.
Nerlich et al. 2020
Nerlich, Andreas G., Lukas Fischer, Stephanie Panzer,
Roxane Bicker, Thomas Helmberger, and Sylvia Schoske.
2020. “The Infant Mummy’s Face—Paleoradiological
Investigation and Comparison between Facial Reconstruction
and a Mummy Portrait of a Roman-Period Egyptian Child.”
PLoS ONE 15 (9): e0238427.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238427.
Newman and Gates 2020
Newman, Richard, and Glen Alan Gates. “The Matter of
Madder in the Ancient World.” In Svoboda and Cartwright
2020.
Nicholson and Shaw 2000
Nicholson, Paul T., and Ian Shaw. 2000.
Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology.
Cambridge University Press.
Nicola et al. 2024
Nicola, Marco, Claudio Garino, Sophia Mittman, Emanuele
Priola, Luca Palin, Marta Ghirardello, Vamshi Damagatla,
Austin Nevin, Admir Masic, Daniella Comelli, and Roberto
Gobetto. 2024. “Increased NIR Photoluminescence of
Egyptian Blue via Matrix Effect Optimization.”
Materials Chemistry and Physics 313: 128710.
Northcote, James. 1819.
The Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Volume 1.
Printed for Henry Colburn, Conduit-Street.
Omaran 2015
Omaran, Wahid. 2015. “The Egg and Its Symbolism in the
Graeco-Roman Period.”
Journal of Faculty of Tourism and Hotels 9 (1):
173–85.
Opper 2008
Opper, Thorsten. 2008.
Hadrian: Empire and Conflict. The British Museum.
Ordonez and Twilley 1998
Ordonez, Eugena, and John Twilley. 1998. “Clarifying the
Haze: Efflorescence on Works of Art.”
Analytical Chemistry 69 (13): 416A–22A. Reprinted
without color illustrations in WAAC Newsletter 20
(1).
https://cool.culturalheritage.org/waac/wn/wn20/wn20-1/wn20-108.html.
Ostrowski 1966
Ostrowski, Janusz. 1966. “Portret fajumski ze zbiorów
Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie.”
Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie 10: 13–22.
Pagès-Camagna and Guichard 2010
Pagès-Camagna, Sandrine, and Hélène Guichard. 2010.
“Egyptian Colours and Pigments in French Collections: 30
Years of Physiochemical Analyses on 300 Objects.” In
Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects:
Technology, Deterioration, and Conservation;Proceedings of a Conference Held in Cambridge, UK, on
7–8 September 2007, edited by Julie Dawson, Christina Rozeik, and Margot M.
Wright. Archetype.
Parlasca, Klaus, and Hans G. Frenz. 2003. Vol. 4 of
Repertorio d’arte dell’Egitto: Greco-Romano serie B;
Ritratti di mummie.
L’Erma di Bretschneider.
Perry-Gal et al. 2015
Perry-Gal, Lee, Adi Erlich, Ayelet Gilboa, and Guy Bar-Oz.
2015. “Earliest Economic Exploitation of Chicken outside
East Asia: Evidence from the Hellenistic Southern Levant.”
PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America
112 (32): 9849–54.
Peruzzi 2016
Peruzzi, Bice. 2016. “Eggs in a Drinking Cup: Unexpected
Uses of a Greek Shape in Central Apulian Funerary
Contexts.” In
The Consumers’ Choice: Uses of Greek Figure-Decorated
Pottery, edited by Thomas H. Carpenter, Elizabeth
Langridge-Noti, and Mark Stansbury-O’Donnell.
Archaeological Institute of America.
Petrie 1889
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. 1889.
Hawara, Biahmu, and Arsinoe, with Thirty Plates.
Field & Tuer.
Petrie 1890
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. 1890.
Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara. Kegan Paul, Trench,
Trübner and Co.
Petrie 1911
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders. 1911.
Roman Portraits and Memphis (IV). School of
Archaeology in Egypt, University College.
Pharr, Davidson, and Pharr 2001
Pharr, Clyde, Theresa Sherrer Davidson, and Mary Brown
Pharr, trans. 2001.
The Theodosian Code and Novels, and the Sirmondian
Constitutions. The Lawbook Exchange.
Picton, Quirke, and Roberts 2007
Picton, Janet, Stephen Quirke, and Paul C. Roberts, eds.
2007. Living Images: Egyptian Funerary Portraits in the
Petrie Museum. Left Coast Press.
Picton, Quirke, and Roberts 2018
Picton, Janet, Stephen Quirke, and Paul C. Roberts. 2018.
Living Images: Egyptian Funerary Portraits in the
Petrie Museum. Routledge.
Plater et al. 2003
Plater, M. John, Ben De Silva, Thomas Gelbrich, Michael B.
Hursthouse, Catherine L. Higgitt, and David R. Saunders,
2003. “The Characterisation of Lead Fatty Acid Soaps in
‘Protrusions’ in Aged Traditional Oil Paint.”
Polyhedron 22 (24): 3171–79.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(03)00461-3.
Pouyet, Emeline, Nicholas Barbi, Henry Chopp, Owen Healy,
Aggelos Katsaggelos, Sophia Moak, Rick Mott, Marc
Vermeulen, and Marc Walton. 2020. “Development of a Highly
Mobile and Versatile Large MA-XRF Scanner for In Situ
Analyses of Painted Works of Art.”
X-ray Spectrometry 50 (4): 263–71.
Pozza et al. 2000
Pozza, Giorgio, David Ajò, Giacomo Chiari, Franco De
Zuane, and Marialuisa Favaro. 2000. “Photoluminescence of
the Inorganic Pigments Egyptian Blue, Han Blue and Han
Purple.” Journal of Cultural Heritage 1 (4):
393–98.
Prag 2002
Prag, A. J. N. W. 2002. “Proportion and Personality in the
Fayum Portraits.” British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 3: 55–63.
Purup 2019
Purup, Bjarne B. 2019. “A Social Approach to the Sex and
Age Distribution in the Mummy Portraits.” In
Family Lives: Aspects of Life and Death in Ancient
Families, edited by Kristine Bøggild Johannsen and Jane Hjarl
Petersen. Acta Hyperborea 15. Museum Tusculanum Press.
Rackham 1938–1952
Rackham, H., trans. 1938–52.
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia). By Pliny the Elder. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard
University Press.
Radpour et al. 2022
Radpour, Roxanne, Glenn A. Gates, Ioanna Kakoulli, and
John K. Delaney. 2022. “Identification and Mapping of
Ancient Pigments in a Roman Egyptian Funerary Portrait by
Application of Reflectance and Luminescence Imaging
Spectroscopy.” Heritage Science 10 (8).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00639-5.
Ramer 1979
Ramer, Brian. 1979. “The Technology, Examination and
Conservation of the Fayum Portraits in the Petrie
Museum.” Studies in Conservation 24 (1): 1–13.
Redding 2015
Redding, Richard W. 2015. “The Pig and the Chicken in the
Middle East: Modeling Human Subsistence Behavior in the
Archaeological Record Using Historical and Animal
Husbandry Data.”
Journal of Archaeological Research 23: 325–68.
Reeler 2013
Reeler, Nini Elisabeth Abildgaard, Ole Faurskov Nielsen,
Lin Spaabæk, Mogens Jørgensen, and Henrik Grum Kjaergaard.
2013. “Pigments and Binding Material in Fayum Mummy
Portraits Determined by NIR-FT-Raman Microscopy.”
Asian Chemistry Letters 17: 1–12.
Rickerby 1993
Rickerby, Stephen. 1993. “Original Painting Techniques and
Materials Used in the Tomb of Nefertari.” In
Art and Eternity: The Nefertari Wall Paintings
Conservation Project 1986–1992, edited by Miguel Angel Corzo and Mahasti Afshar. Oxford
University Press.
Riederer 1997
Riederer, Josef. 1997. “Egyptian Blue.” In vol. 3 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Elisabeth FitzHugh. National Gallery of Art.
Rigaud 2005
Rigaud, J. F., trans. 2005.
A Treatise on Painting. By Leonardo da Vinci.
Dover.
Riggs 2005
Riggs, Christina. 2005. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity and
Funerary Religion.
Oxford University Press.
Riggs 2006
Riggs, Christina. 2006. “Archaism and Artistic Sources in
Roman Egypt: The Coffins of the Soter Family and the
Temple of Deir el-Medina.”
BIFAO: Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie
orientale
106: 315–32.
Riggs 2012
Riggs, Christina, ed. 2012.
The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt. Oxford
University Press.
Roberts 2013
Roberts, Paul. 2013.
Life and Death in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The
British Museum.
Roberts 2020
Roberts, Caroline. 2020. “Green Pigments: Exploring
Changes in the Egyptian Color Palette through the
Technical Study of Roman-Period Mummy Shrouds.” In Svoboda
and Cartwright 2020.
Robins 1993
Robins, Gay. 1993.
Proportion and Style in Ancient Egypt. University
of Texas Press.
Rondot 2013
Rondot, Vincent. 2013. Derniers visages des dieux d’Égypte: Iconographies,
panthéons et cultes dans le Fayoum héllenisé des II–III
siècles de notre ère. Éditions du Louvre.
Rondot 2015
Rondot, Vincent. 2015. “Graeco-Roman Fayum Pantheons as
Documented by 2nd-Century Painted Wooden Panels.” In Von der Pharaonenzeit bis zur Spätantike: Kulturelle
Vielfalt im Fayum, Akten des 5. Internationalen
Fayum-Konferenz, 29. Mai bis 1. Juni 2013, Leipzig, edited by Nadine Quenouille. Harrassowitz.
Rosi et al. 2019
Rosi, Francesca, Laura Cartechini, Diego Sali, and
Costanza Miliani. 2019. “Recent Trends in the Application
of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy in
Heritage Science: From Micro- to Non-Invasive FT-IR.” Physical Sciences Reviews 4: n.p.
Rowland and Howe 1999
Rowland, Ingrid D., and Thomas Noble Howe, eds. 1999.
Ten Books on Architecture. By Vitruvius.
Cambridge University Press.
Roy 2007
Roy, Ashok. 2007. “Cobalt Blue.” In vol. 4 of
Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, edited by Barbara H. Berrie. National Gallery of Art.
Sabino et al. 2019
Sabino, Rachel C., Ken Sutherland, Emeline Pouyet,
Federica Pozzi, and Marc Walton. 2019. “Surprise
Encounters with Mummy Portraits at the Art Institute of
Chicago.” AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints 31.
Salas 2020
Salas, Megan Elizabeth. 2020. “Evaluating the
Effectiveness of In-Situ Non-Invasive Photophysical
Characterization Methods for Distinguishing Indigo from
Other Blue Colorants.” Master’s thesis, University of
California, Los Angeles.
Salvant et al. 2018
Salvant, Johanna, Jane Williams, Monica Ganio, Francesca
Casidio, Céline Daher, Ken Sutherland, Letizia Monico,
Frederik Vanmeert, Steven de Meyer, Koen Janssens,
Caroline R. Cartwright, and Marc Walton. 2018. “A Roman
Egyptian Painting Workshop: Technical Investigation of the
Portraits from Tebtunis, Egypt.” Archaeometry 60
(4): 815–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12351.
Sande 2004
Sande, Siri. 2004. “Pagan Pinakes and Christian Icons:
Continuity or Parallelism?”
Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam
pertinentia
18: 81–100.
Sand et al. 2017
Sand, Luise, Elisabeth Fugmann, Ina Reiche, Agnes
Schwarzmaier, Stefan Rohrs, Sabine Schwerdtfeger, Heike
Stege, and Andrea Obermeier. 2017. “Tabellarischer
Überblick zu den Farbmitteln der Mumienporträts und des
Severertondos.” In
Inkarnat und Signifikanz: Das menschliche Abbild in der
Tafelmalerei von 200 bis 1250 im Mittelmeerraum. Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für
Kunstgeschichte.
Schiavon et al. 2021
Schiavon, Nick, Carlo Emmanuele Bottaini, Sara Valadas,
Cristina Barrocas Dias, Ana Manhita, and Antonio Candeias.
2021. “A Multi-Analytical Study of Egyptian Funerary
Artifacts from Three Portuguese Museum Collections.”
Heritage 4 (4): 2973–95.
Schmidt, Valdemar. 1899.
Det gamle glyptotek på Ny Carlsberg. Den ægyptiske
samling. N.p.
Schmidt 1908
Schmidt, Valdemar. 1908.
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek: Den ægyptiske samling.
Nielsen og Lydiche.
Schneede 2021
Schneede, Uwe M. 2021.
Paula Modersohn-Becker: Die Malerin, die in die Moderne
aufbrach.
C. H. Beck.
Schoske and Wildung 1983
Schoske, Sylvia, and Dietrich Wildung. 1983.
Falsche Pharaonen: Zeitung zur Sonderausstellung, 400
Jahre Fälschungsgeschichte. Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst.
Schreiber, Vasáros, and Almásy 2013
Schreiber, Gábor, Zsolt Vasáros, and Adrienn Almásy. 2013.
“Ptolemaic and Roman Burials from Theban Tomb -400-.”
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Abteilung Kairo
69: 187–225.
Scott 2010
Scott, David A. 2010. “Greener Shades of Pale: A Review of
Advances in the Characterisation of Ancient Egyptian Green
Pigments.” In Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects:
Technology, Deterioration, and Conservation;Proceedings of a Conference Held in Cambridge, UK, on
7–8 September 2007, edited by Julie Dawson, Christina Rozeik, and Margot M.
Wright. Archetype.
Serpico, Margaret. 2000. “Resins, Amber and Bitumen.” In
Nicholson and Shaw 2000.
Serpico and White 2001
Serpico, Margaret, and Raymond White. 2001. “The Use and
Identification of Varnish on New Kingdom Funerary
Equipment.” In
Colour and Painting in Ancient Egypt, edited by
W. V. Davies. The British Museum.
Shortland, Appleby Hope, and Tite 2006
Shortland, Andrew J., Colin Appleby Hope, and M. S. Tite.
2006. “Cobalt Blue Painted Pottery from 18th Dynasty
Egypt.”
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
257 (1): 91–99.
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.257.01.07.
Smart 2010
Smart, Pamela G. 2010.
Sacred Modern: Faith, Activism, and Aesthetics in the
Menil Collection. University of Texas Press.
Smith 1957
Smith, William Stevenson. 1957. “Department of Egyptian
Art.”
Annual Report for the Year … (Museum of Fine Arts,
Boston)
82 (1957): 38–44.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/43473833.
Smith and Ólaffson 2023
Smith, Kevin P., and Guðmundur Ólafsson. 2023. “All That
Glitters Is Not Gold: Multi-Instrumental Identification of
Viking Age Orpiment (As2S3) from
Surtshellir Cave, Iceland.”
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47:
103724.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103724.
Socrates 2001
Socrates, George. 2001.
Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies.
Tables and Charts.
3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons.
Solé et al. 2007
Solé, V. Armando, Emmanuel Papillon, Marine Cotte,
Philippe Walter, and Jean Susini. 2007. “A Multiplatform
Code for the Analysis of Energy-Dispersive X-Ray
Fluorescence Spectra.” Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
62 (1): 63–68.
Sörries 2003
Sörries, Reiner. 2003. Das Malibu-Triptychon: Ein Totengedenkbild aus dem
römischen Ägypten und verwandte Werke der spätantiken
Tafelmalerei. Christliche Archäologie 4. J. H. Röll.
Southon, John, Guaciara Santos, Kevin Druffel-Rodriguez,
Ellen Druffel, Sue Trumbore, Xiamei Xu, Sheila Griffin,
Shahla Ali, and Maya Mazon. 2004. “The Keck Carbon Cycle
AMS Laboratory, University of California, Irvine: Initial
Operation and a Background Surprise.”
Radiocarbon 46 (2): 41–49.
Spaabæk 2012
Spaabæk, Lin Rosa. 2012. “Mummy Portrait Supports.” In Conservation of Easel Paintings, edited by Joyce Hill Stoner and Rebecca Rushfield.
Routledge.
Spaabæk and Mazurek 2020
Spaabæk, Lin Rosa, and Joy Mazurek. 2020. “Binding Media
and Coatings: Mummy Portraits in the National Museum of
Denmark and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
Stacey 2011
Stacey, Rebecca J. 2011. “The Composition of Some Roman
Medicines: Evidence for Pliny’s Punic Wax?” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401 (6): 1749–59.
Stamm 2007
Stamm, Rainer, and Paula Modersohn-Becker. 2007.
Paula Modersohn-Becker und die ägyptischen
Mumienportraits: Eine Hommage zum 100. Todestag der
Künstlerin
(exhibition catalogue). Hirmer Verlag.
Stein and Corcoran 2020
Stein, Renée, and Lorelei H. Corcoran. 2020. “Scrutinizing
‘Saparon’: Investigating a Mummy Portrait of a Young Man
in the Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.” In
Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Stevens 2009
Stevens, Anna. 2009. “Domestic Religious Practices.” In
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, edited by
Willeke Wendrich and Jacco Dieleman. University of
California, Los Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s07628w.
Strohalm et al. 2010
Strohalm, Martin, Daniel Kavan, Petr Novák, Michael Volný,
and Vladimír Havlíček. 2010. “MMass 3: A
Cross-Platform Software Environment for Precise Analysis
of Mass Spectrometric Data.”
Analytical Chemistry 82 (11): 4648–51.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac100818g.
Stulik, Porta, and Palet 1993
Stulik, Dusan C., Eduardo A. Porta, and Antonio Palet.
1993. “Analyses of Pigments, Binding Media, and Varnishes
in the Tomb of Nefertari.” In
Art and Eternity: The Nefertari Wall Paintings
Conservation Project 1986–1992, edited by Miguel Angel Corzo and Mahasti Afshar. Oxford
University Press.
Sutherland, Sabino, and Pozzi 2020
Sutherland, Ken, Rachel C. Sabino, and Federica Pozzi.
2020. “Challenges in the Characterization and
Categorization of Binding Media in Mummy Portraits.” In
Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Svoboda and Cartwright 2020
Svoboda, Marie, and Caroline R. Cartwright, eds. 2020.
Mummy Portraits of Roman Egypt: Emerging Research from
the APPEAR Project.
J. Paul Getty Museum.
Svoboda and Walton 2010
Svoboda, Marie, and Marc Walton. 2010. “Material
Investigation of the J. Paul Getty Museum’s Red-Shrouded
Mummy.” In
Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects:
Technology, Deterioration, and Conservation; Proceedings
of a Conference Held in Cambridge, UK, on 7–8 September
2007, edited by Julie Dawson, Christina Rozeik, and Margot M.
Wright. Archetype.
Taggart 1959
Taggart, Ross E., ed. 1959. Handbook of the Collections in the William Rockhill
Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine
Arts. 4th ed. William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary
Atkins Museum of Fine Arts.
Tappert et al. 2011
Tappert, Ralf, Alexander P. Wolfe, Ryan C. McKellar,
Michelle C. Tappert, and Karlis Muehlenbachs. 2011.
“Characterizing Modern and Fossil Gymnosperm Exudates
Using Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.” International Journal of Plant Sciences 172 (1): 120–38.
https://doi.org/10.1086/657277.
Thiboutot, Gabrielle. 2020. “Egyptian Blue in
Romano-Egyptian Mummy Portraits.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
Thieme et al. 2017
Thieme, Cristina, Anna Rommel-Mayet, and Luise Sand. 2017.
“Bilder von Göttern und Menschen der römischen Kaiserzeit
– eine kunsttechnische Betrachtung.” In
Inkarnat und Signifikanz. Das menschliche Abbild in der
Tafelmalerei von 200 bis 1250 im Mittelmeerraum, edited by Yvonne Schmuhl and Esther Pia Wipfler,
121–50. Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte.
Thistlewood 2017
Thistlewood, Jevon. 2017. “Drawing the Face of a Mummy
Portrait.” Unpublished Research Seminar Paper. Ashmolean
Museum of Art and Archaeology.
Thistlewood et al. 2020
Thistlewood, Jevon, Olivia Dill, Marc S. Walton, and
Andrew Shortland. 2020. “A Study of the Relative Locations
of Facial Features within Mummy Portraits.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
Thomas and Brunel-Duverger 2023
Thomas, Caroline, and Lucile Brunel-Duverger. 2023. “Les
tableaux culturels d’Egypte romaine: Étude matérielle des
deux panneaux du musée du Louvre (Dioscure MND 193 – E
10815; Hèrôn et Lycurgue RFML.AE.2020.8.1).”
Technè 55: 118–27.
https://doi.org/10.4000/techne.17881.
Thompson 1972
Thompson, David L. 1972. “The Classes and Hands of Painted
Funerary Portraits from Antinoopolis [sic].” PhD
diss., University of Michigan.
Thompson 1973
Thompson, David L. 1973. “A Patchwork Fayum in Toledo.”
American Journal of Archaeology 77 (4): 438–39.
Thompson 1976A
Thompson, David L. 1976. “A Painted Funerary Portrait from
Roman Egypt.” Boston Museum Bulletin 74 (370):
115–19.
Thompson 1976B
Thompson, David L. 1976. The Artists of the Mummy Portraits. J. Paul Getty Museum.
Thompson 1981
Thompson, David L. 1981. “A Lost Patchwork ‘Fayum
Portrait.’” American Journal of Archaeology 85
(4): 491–92.
Thompson 1982
Thompson, David L. 1982. Mummy Portraits in the J. Paul Getty Museum. J. Paul Getty Museum.
Tobin, Richard. 1975. “The Canon of Polykleitos.”
American Journal of Archaeology 79 (4): 307–21.
Töpfer 2017
Töpfer, Susanne. 2017. “Theory and Practice/Text and
Mummies: The Instructions of the ‘Embalming Ritual’ in the
Light of Archaeological Evidence.” In
Burial and Mortuary Practices in Late Period and
Graeco-Roman Egypt:
Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 17–19 July 2014, edited by K. A. Kóthay. Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest.
Totelin 2016
Totelin, Laurence M. V. 2016. “Pharmakopōlai: A
Re-Evaluation of the Sources.”
In Popular Medicine in Graeco-Roman Antiquity:
Explorations,
edited by William V. Harris. Brill.
Tourna et al. 2008
Tourna, E. et al. 2008.
The Egyptian Collection, National Archaeological
Museum. Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Fund of
Archaeological Proceeds.
Vagnini, Manuela, Costanza Miliani, Laura Cartechini, P.
Rocchi, Bruno Brunetti, and A. Sgamellotti. 2009. “FT-NIR
Spectroscopy for Non-Invasive Identification of Natural
Polymers and Resins in Easel Paintings.”
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 395 (7):
2107–18.
Vak, Iannaccone, and Uhlir 2020
Vak, Bettina, Roberta Iannaccone, and Katharina Uhlir.
2020. “Nondestructive Studies of Ancient Pigments on
Romano-Egyptian Funerary Portraits of the
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.” In Svoboda and
Cartwright 2020.
van Asperen de Boer 1968
van Asperen de Boer, J. R. 1968. “Infrared Reflectography:
A Method for the Examination of Paintings.”
Applied Optics 7 (9): 1711–14.
van Daal 2019
van Daal, Jan. 2019. “Ancient Incarnations: Depicting
Human Flesh in Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt.” Master
of Science thesis, University of Amsterdam.
Vandenabeele et al. 2000
Vandenabeele, Peter, Bernhard Wehling, Luc Moens, Howell
Edwards, Martine de Reu, and Guido van Hooydonk. 2000.
“Analysis with Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Natural Organic
Binding Media and Varnishes Used in Art.”
Analytica Chimica Acta 407 (1): 261–74.
van den Berg, van den Berg, and Boon 1999
van den Berg, Jorrit D. J., Klaus Jan van den Berg, and
Jaap J. Boon. 1999. “Chemical Changes in Curing and Ageing
Oil Paints.” In
ICOM Committee for Conservation 12th Triennial Meeting
Lyon 29 August–3 September 1999. James & James.
Vandenbeusch 2022
Vandenbeusch, Marie. 2022. “A Soter (Re)connection: Five
Fragments of Shrouds from Roman Egypt at the British
Museum.”
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Abteilung Kairo
76/77.
van Dyke 2010
van Dyke, Kristina. 2010. “Losing One’s Head: John and
Dominique de Menil as Collectors.” In
Art and Activism: Projects of John and Dominique de
Menil, edited by Josef Helfenstein and Laureen Schipsi. Yale
University Press.
Vassilieva, Piteria, and Nilova 2021
Vassilieva, Olga A., Julii V. Piteria, and Maya V. Nilova.
2021. “Portrait of an Elderly Lady in Red.”
Kermes 121: 33–38.
Vermeule 1964
Vermeule, Cornelius. 1964. “Greek and Roman Portraits in
American Collections Open to the Public: A Survey of
Important Monumental Likenesses in Marble and Bronze Which
Have Not Been Published Extensively.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 108 (2): 99–134.
Verri 2009A
Verri, Giovanni. 2009. “The Application of Visible-Induced
Luminescence Imaging to the Examination of Museum
Objects.” Proceedings SPIE 7391, O3A: Optics for Arts,
Architecture, and Archaeology
2: 739105–12. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827331.
Verri 2009B
Verri, Giovanni. 2009. “The Spatially Resolved
Characterisation of Egyptian Blue, Han Blue and Han Purple
by Photo-Induced Luminescence Digital Imaging.” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 394 (4): 1011–21.
Verri 2014
Verri, Giovanni. 2014. “Roman Sculpture and Colour: The
‘Treu Head’” (Ancient Greek and Roman Color/Polychromy).
Video, 9 min., 6 sec.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRMPYh2QdSM.
Verri and Brecoulaki 2023
Verri, Giovanni, and Hariclia Brecoulaki. 2023. “‘From the
Face and the Expression of the Eyes’: Multidisciplinary
Studies of Pigments in Ancient Greek and Roman Painted
Surfaces.”
Technai: An International Journal for Ancient Science
and Technology
14: 51–69.
Verri and Saunders 2014
Verri, Giovanni, and David Saunders. 2014. “Xenon Flash
for Reflectance and Luminescence (Multispectral) Imaging
in Cultural Heritage Applications.”
The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin 8:
83–92.
Verri et al. 2010
Verri, Giovanni, David Saunders, Janet Ambers, and Tracey
Sweek. 2010. “Digital Mapping of Egyptian Blue:
Conservation Implications.” In Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean:
Contributions to the 2010 IIC Congress, Istanbul, edited by Christina Rozeik, Ashok Roy, and David
Saunders, 220–24. Archetype.
Verri et al. 2023
Verri, Giovanni, Hero Granger-Taylor, Ian Jenkins, Tracey
Sweek, Katarzyna Weglowska, and William Thomas Wootton.
2023. “The Goddess’ New Clothes: The Carving and
Polychromy of the Parthenon Sculptures.” Antiquity
97(395): 1173–92.
https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.130.
Verri et al. 2025
Verri, Giovanni, Hariclia Brecoulaki, Ioanna Mennenga, and
Despina Ignatiadou. 2025. “Evoking Enargeia (ἐνάργεια):
The Investigation and Reconstruction of the Portrait Bust
of Psyche from Melos.” In
Chroma: Sculpture in Color from Antiquity to Today, edited by Seán Hemingway, Vinzenz Brinkmann, and Mark
B. Abbe. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Verri, Opper, and Devièse 2010
Verri, Giovanni, Thorsten Opper, and Thibaut Devièse.
2010. “The ‘Treu Head’: A Case Study in Roman Sculptural
Polychromy.”
The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin 4:
39–52.
Verri, Opper, and Lazzarini 2014
Verri, Giovanni, Thorsten Opper, and Lorenzo Lazzarini.
2014. “In picturae modum variata circumlitio? The
Reconstruction of the Polychromy of a Roman Ideal Female
Head (Treu Head).” In
Diversamente bianco: La policromia della scultura
romana,
edited by Paolo Liverani and Ulderico Santamaria. Quasar.
Vogelsang-Eastwood 2000
Vogelsang-Eastwood, Gillian. 2000. “Textiles.” In
Nicholson and Shaw 2000.
von Sonnenburg 1972
von Sonnenburg, Hubert. 1972.
Examination and Treatment Reports. The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of Paintings
Conservation.
Wakeling 1912
Wakeling, T. G. 1912.
Forged Egyptian Antiquities. Adam & Charles
Black.
Walker 1997
Walker, Susan. 1997. “Mummy Portraits in Their Roman
Context.” In Portraits and Masks: Burial Customs in Roman Egypt, edited by Morris L. Bierbrier. The British Museum.
Walker 2000A
Walker, Susan, ed. 2000.
Ancient Faces: Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt.
2nd ed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Walker 2000B
Walker, Susan. 2000. “A Note on Dating Mummy Portraits.”
In Walker 2000A.
Walker and Bierbrier 1997
Walker, Susan, and Morris Bierbrier, with Paul Roberts and
John Taylor. 1997.
Ancient Faces: Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt.
A Catalogue of Roman Portraits in the British Museum 4.
The British Museum.
Walton and Trentelman 2009
Walton, Marc S., and Karen Trentelman. 2009.
“Romano-Egyptian Red Lead Pigment: A Subsidiary Commodity
of Spanish Silver Mining and
Refinement.” Archaeometry 51 (5): 845–60.
Warda 2011
Warda, Jeffrey. 2011.
The AIC Guide to Digital Photography and Conservation
Documentation. 2nd ed. American Institute for Conservation of Historic
and Artistic Works.
Webb, Summerour, and Giaccai 2014
Webb, E. K., R. Summerour, and J. Giaccai. 2014. “A Case
Study Using Multiband and Hyperspectral Imaging for the
Identification and Characterization of Materials on
Archaeological Andean Painted Textiles.”
Postprints of the Textile Specialty Group of the
American Institute for Conservation of Historic and
Artistic Works
24: 23–35.
Werner, Georgius. 1909. “De imaginibus Graeco-Aegyptis in
colonia cui El-Fayum nomen est, repertis et Cracoviae
asservatis observations.” Eos 15: 130–37.
White 1978
White, Raymond. 1978. “The Application of
Gas-Chromatography to the Identification of Waxes.”
Studies in Conservation 23 (2): 57–68.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1505796.
Wiedemann 2014
Wiedemann, Thomas. 2014.
Adults and Children in the Roman Empire.
Routledge.
Wiener 1921
Wiener, Leo. 1921.
Contributions towards a History of Arabo-Gothic
Culture.
Vol. 4. Innes & Sons.
Wilkinson 2002
Wilkinson, Caroline M. 2002. “The Facial Reconstruction of
the Marina el-Alamein Mummy.” Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 14: 66–71.
Williams 2010
Williams, Jane. 2010. “The Conservation Treatment of the
Roman Egyptian Paintings in the Hearst Museum of
Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.” In
Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects:
Technology, Deterioration, and Conservation;Proceedings of a Conference Held in Cambridge, UK, on
7–8 September 2007, edited by Julie Dawson, Christina Rozeik, and Margot M.
Wright. Archetype.
Williams, Cartwright, and Walton 2020
Williams, Jane L., Caroline R. Cartwright, and Marc S.
Walton. 2020. “Defining a Romano-Egyptian Painting
Workshop at Tebtunis.” In Svoboda and Cartwright 2020.
Woodcock 1996
Woodcock, Sally. 1996. “Body Colour: The Misuse of
Mummy.” The Conservator 20 (1): 87–94.
Woudhuysen-Keller and Woudhuysen-Keller 1994
Woudhuysen-Keller, Renate, and Paul Woudhuysen-Keller.
1994. “The History of Egg White Varnishes.” Hamilton Kerr Institute Bulletin 2: 90–141.
Zaffino et al. 2015
Zaffino, Chiara, Vittoria Guglielmi, Silvio Faraone,
Alessandro Vinaccia, and Silvia Bruni. 2015. “Exploiting
External Reflection FTIR Spectroscopy for the In-Situ
Identification of Pigments and Binders in Illuminated
Manuscripts. Brochantite and Posnjakite as a Case
Study.” Spectrochimica Acta: Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy 136 (B): 1076–85.
Zviagina, Drits, and Dorzhieva 2020
Zviagina, Bella B., Victor A. Drits, and Olga V.
Dorzhieva. 2020. “Distinguishing Features and
Identification Criteria for K-Dioctahedral 1M
Micas (Illite-Aluminoceladonite and
Illite-Glauconite-Celadonite Series) from Middle-Infrared
Spectroscopy Data.” Minerals 10 (2): 1–29.