DEFINITION
The placement of a work in the context of prior or later issuances of multiples
of the same work. EDITION either identifies a specific work in the context
of a group issued at the same time, or defines an issuance of a work in
relation to previous and subsequent editions.
SUBCATEGORIES
GENERAL
DISCUSSION
EDITION may be used in two senses: In the first sense, it may identify
a specific work in the context of a group issued at the same time. In
this sense, it describes a limited number of works made at a given time,
such as prints taken from a plate or bronzes made from a set of molds.
In the case of prints or photographs, an inscription often identifies
the number of the impression, and juxtaposes it with the total print run
(e.g., 2/32).
In
another sense, EDITION defines an issuance of a work in relation to previous
and subsequent editions. Historically, this concept of edition is more
problematic, and applying the category to printed works is often possible
only if they were published in book form [1]
or can be grouped as a result of detailed study.
The
edition of a work is often difficult to identify. In the case of books
and "book-like" materials, an inscription may be present, possibly on
the title page (e.g., Third Edition). If an edition statement is
found on the title page, it should be transcribed accurately. Such inscriptions,
however, can be misleading, as they may not accurately reflect the number
of the edition at hand.
Identifying
an edition may require the expertise of a connoisseur, or comparison of
the object with a published catalogue raisonné. It is often
a small technical change, such as the use of a different paper, shown
by a change in watermark, that identifies a different edition. In other
cases, different publishers will have issued a work, each in their own
editions.
This
information is often speculative, and not always reliable; all editions
of a work are not always known or described. It is also difficult to apply
the concept of edition to earlier works, when "printmaking plates were
kept in the possession of the artist or publisher who ran off more impressions
as needed until the plate wore out." [2]
Multiple opinions should be accommodated.
Note that different versions of a work, such as copies after a work,
re-creations, replicas, or reproductions of it, are not considered states
or editions. Versions include the following examples: 1/4-scale version,
small version, version A. Record versions as RELATED WORKS.
Source
A
printed work in book form may have a title page with an edition statement.
Inscriptions may be found on single sheets or photographs. Information
about the various editions of an artist's graphic works may also be found
in secondary sources devoted to the history of printmaking or to the graphic
work of an artist. Sometimes the date a work was created identifies it
as a separate edition. For example, the sculptures of the nineteenth-century
artist, Rodin, are still being cast today, but the twentieth-century bronzes
are not considered part of the original edition. Edition
statements may be found on the title page, colophon, or justification
of "book-like" works, or in inscriptions on single-sheet works. Secondary
sources, such as collection catalogs and catalogues raisonnés,
may also help to identify the edition of a work, as will comparison to
other known instances of the same work.
Uses
An
edition numbersets a specific work apart from other works of different
editions. An
edition statement helps to identify the work described, providing a context
for its study and an aid in its dating and evaluation.
As
works produced in multiples can vary slightly, identifying the edition
of a work distinguishes it from other similar works, issued previously
or subsequently and belonging to different editions. For example, identifying
a work as belonging to the third edition removes it somewhat from its
original creation and possibly from its original creator.
Relationships
between editions illuminate the evolution of an idea. Some editions are
of more historical value than others, as they incorporate significant
changes or additions. The illustrations or text of a work may change from
edition to edition.
Placing
an individual impression in the context of the total print run (e.g.,
2/40, meaning the second print in a run of forty prints) helps
to assess how widely a work of art was distributed, and therefore its
rarity.
Cataloging
rules
For the subcategories in this section, basic recommendations
and discussion are provided below. For a fuller, more prescriptive
set of cataloging rules for some of the subcategories, see
Chapter 3: Physical Characteristics in Cataloging
Cultural Objects (CCO), which deals with a critical subset
of the CDWA.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Inscriptions
indicating edition should be recorded in the category INSCRIPTIONS/MARKS.
Different stages of the same work should be indicated in the category
STATE. It may be problematic to determine if a given work is considered
an edition or a state; the distinction between EDITION and
STATE often hinges on the span of time between works. Also, various editions
are not necessarily different from one another, while various states do
differ. The
publisher of a work, who may be responsible for a particular edition,
should be indicated in the category CREATION. The date an edition was
issued should be specified in the subcategory CREATION - DATE.
Different
versions of a work, such as copies after it and re-creations, replicas,
or reproductions of it, should be recorded separately from states or editions
in RELATED WORKS. Component parts, lots, or collections of objects, such
as tea sets and nests of baskets, are not covered in this category. See
OBJECT/WORK and OBJECT/WORK - COMPONENTS.
Researchers may need to identify specific editions of known works. They
may wish to use information about edition to connect items
known to have been published as part of a particular edition.
Researchers may wish to discover intermediate editions or
to identify individual manuscripts as early or late in a sequence.
Those versions of Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience
that have been identified as early differ interestingly from
those that have been identified as late.
10.1. Edition Description
DEFINITION
A description of the specific edition to which a work belongs, whether
expressed as a fractional number or as a name or expression of the context
related to prior or later issuances
EXAMPLES
46/500
2nd edition
subscriber's edition
Kennedy edition
unlimited edition
edition of approximately 100
edition of 10 or fewer
25 casts made
4 known casts
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
For
prints and other works produced in multiples, record a description of
the EDITION when applicable. EDITION - DESCRIPTION should be, a notation
that identifies a specific print or other work in the context of a limited
number of identical or very similar works made or issued at the same time
and from the same matrix (e.g., 4/75). For books, record an indication
of the position of the issuance of the work in relation to previous and
subsequent editions (e.g., 3nd edition), if known. A new edition
of a book is characterized by substantive revisions to the intellectual
content of the work, including alterations of the text or illustrations.
Form and syntax
Avoid abbreviations, except for ordinal numerals (e.g., use 3rd rather
than third). Use lower case except when a term includes a proper
name. Use Arabic cardinal numbers (e.g., 5) and ordinal numbers
(e.g., 4th), as appropriate. Record terminology in the language
of the catalog record. Include the appropriate diacritical marks. If there
is an edition statement on the work, accurately transcribe it in the original
language (transliterated into the Roman alphabet when necessary).
For prints or other works issued in multiples at the same time, record
a fractional number. Record the impression number, forward slash, and
the edition size (e.g., 51/250). For books and other works produced
in the context of prior or later issuances, record the number or name
of the edition followed by the word edition (e.g., 5th edition).
If an edition is both numbered and named, record the name followed by
the impression number and edition size (e.g., Sagot and Le Garrec edition,
98/150 ).
If the impression number or edition size is uncertain, clearly indicate
this in the display (e.g., probably 34/50). If the edition size
is known but the impression number is unknown, record the edition size
(e.g., edition of 20).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent
capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible.
10.2. Edition Number or Name
DEFINITION
For books and other works produced in the context of prior or later issuances,
the identification of the specific edition to which a work belongs.
EXAMPLES
2
subscriber's
Kennedy
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the term for the specific edition to which
a work belongs. Terminology can include proper names such as Kennedy edition
or terms such as 3rd edition, subscriber's edition, revised edition.
Form and syntax
For published volumes, such as books, portfolios, series,
or sets, the edition is expressed as a number in relation
to other editions printed. In other cases, a scholar may have
identified a series of editions, which have then been numbered
sequentially. An edition may also be identified by a name
or phrase, such as the Mariette printing or the eighteenth-century
French edition.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list and controlled format: Control terminology
with a list of controlled terminology. For numbers, use whole
numbers.
10.3. Impression Number
DEFINITION
For prints or other works issued in multiples at the same time, the number
assigned to a particular item within a specific edition or production
run.
EXAMPLES
1
30
241
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
Record the number assigned to a particular item within a specific
edition or production run, such as 1, 30, 241.
Form and syntax
Impression numbers are usually expressed as a ratio of the
specific number to the total number of prints made, e.g.,
1/250. The first number, the number of the impression,
should be indicated in this subcategory. The second number,
identifying the size of the edition, should be indicated in
EDITION - SIZE. Different impressions of a work may be numbered
consecutively without an indication of the total number made;
this numbering does not necessarily reflect the actual sequence
of issuance.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Whole numbers only.
10.4. Edition Size
DEFINITION
For
prints or other works issued in multiples at the same time, the total
number of works created in a particular production run.
EXAMPLES
250
50
1000
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
Record the total number of works created in a particular production
run, such as 50, 250, 500.
Form and syntax
Edition size is usually expressed as a ratio of the number
of a specific impression to the total number of prints or
casts made (e.g., 3/50). The second number, or total
number made, should be indicated in this subcategory.
Edition size is usually found in an inscription on the object. "The number
14/75 written on it means the print in question is fourteenth in
an edition totaling 75," [3]
although not necessarily the fourteenth printed. Sometimes the total number
printed or cast is inscribed on the work, as in ed. 50. The stated
edition size may differ from the number of works actually made; the full
edition may not have been printed or cast, or more works may have been
made that were not recorded or described.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Whole numbers only.
10.5. Remarks
DEFINITION
Additional notes or comments pertinent to information in
this category.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a note regarding the edition
of the work. Use consistent syntax and format. For rules regarding
writing notes, see DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Use consistent syntax and format.
10.6. Citations
DEFINITION
A reference to a bibliographic source, unpublished document,
or individual opinion that provides the basis for the information
recorded in this category.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the source used for information
in this category. For a full set of rules for CITATIONS, see
RELATED TEXTUAL REFERENCES - CITATIONS.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Ideally, this information is controlled
by citations in the citations authority; see RELATED TEXTUAL
REFERENCES.
10.6.1. Page
DEFINITION
Page number, volume, date accessed for Web sites, and any
other information indicating where in the source the information
was found.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: For a full set of rules for PAGE,
see RELATED TEXTUAL REFERENCES - CITATIONS - PAGE.
FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Use consistent syntax and format.
EXAMPLES
[for a print]
Edition Description: 3/20
Impression Number: 3
Edition Size: 20
[for a print]
Edition Description: Sagot and Le Garrec edition, 98/150
Impression Number: 98
Edition Size: 150
Edition Number/Name: Sagot and Le Garrec
[for a book]
Edition Description: 2nd edition
Edition Number/Name: 2
[for a book]
Edition Description: Kennedy edition
Edition Number/Name: Kennedy
NOTE: The outline numbers are subject to change; they are
intended only to organize this document.
Revised 8 September 2008
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