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zithers (<zitherlike chordophones: plucked>, zitherlike chordophones, ... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: A zither is a musical instrument introduced into England and America ca. 1850 from Austria, and having thirty to forty strings let into the lower rim of a shallow wooden resonance-box. It bears fretted melody strings of metal, usually five in number and tuned by machine screws, and unfretted strings of gut or nylon, sometimes numbering thirty or more, tuned by metal wrist pins. It is played by striking with the fingers and thumb. In modifications of the instrument a fretted finger-board is fitted across a resonance-box shaped like a heart (bow zither) or like a viola (viola zither), and the instrument is played with a bow.
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| Terms: |
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| zithers (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)
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| zither (C,U,LC,English,AD,U,SN)
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| Alpine zithers (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| zithers, Alpine (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| citers (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| citer (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| cithare (C,U,French-P,AD,U,FSN)
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| cítaras (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
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| cítara (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.TT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ Sound Devices (hierarchy name) (G) |
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............ sound devices (equipment) (G) |
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................ <sound devices by acoustical characteristics> (G) |
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.................... chordophones (G) |
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........................ zitherlike chordophones (G) |
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............................ <zitherlike chordophones: plucked> (G) |
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................................ zithers (G) |
Additional Parents:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ Sound Devices (hierarchy name) (G) |
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............ sound devices (equipment) (G) |
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................ <sound devices by acoustical characteristics> (G) |
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.................... membranophones (G) |
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........................ drums (membranophones) (G) |
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............................ plucked drums (G) |
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................................ zithers (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Dutch ..... Een citer is een muziekinstrument dat circa 1850 vanuit Oostenrijk in Engeland en Amerika werd geïntroduceerd. Het heeft dertig tot veertig snaren die onder aan de ondiepe houten klankkast het instrument in gaan. Het instrument is voorzien van meestal vijf metalen melodiesnaren met fretten, die met mechanische schroeven te stemmen zijn, en soms wel dertig of meer snaren zonder fretten van darm of nylon, die worden gestemd met metalen polsschroeven. Het instrument wordt bespeeld door met de vingers en duim te tokkelen. In sommige varianten is een toets met fretten aangebracht op een hartvormige klankkast (strijkciter) of een vioolvormige klankkast (vioolciter), en wordt het instrument bespeeld met een strijkstok. |
| Spanish ..... Úsese específicamente para los cordófonos modernos pulsados, folclóricos y populares desarrollados en la región alpina de Europa que consisten en una caja de madera hueca, y cuerdas melódicas de metal con trastes, generalmente cinco, y afinadas por medio de tornillos mecánicos, y cuerdas de tripa o nailon sin trastes, algunas veces en número de treinta o más, afinadas mediante clavijas metálicas de muñeca. Para la clase genérica de cordófonos simples consistentes solamente en un portador de cuerdas, con o sin un resonador removible y una o más cuerdas, vea bajo "cordófonos tipo cítara”. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| zithers............ |
[VP Preferred] |
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Bessaraboff, Ancient European Musical Instruments (1944) index |
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Brincard, ed., Sounding Forms (1989) illustration, glossary: chordophone with strings running the entire length of the body. |
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Diagram Group, Musical Instruments of the World (1976) illustration, 216 |
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Marcuse, Musical Instruments Dictionary (1975) definition source |
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Sadie, New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984) Vol. 3, 896, definition source |
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