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ID: 300026026
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300026026

 

Record Type: concept
workshops (organizations) (organizations (groups), Organizations (hierarchy name))

 

Note: It the context of visual and decorative arts, refers to groups of artists or craftsmen collaborating to produce works, usually under a master's name. The workshop typically included trained artists as well as a number of apprentices, who were learning a trade by practicing progressively more sophisticated tasks associated with the production of art works or decorative objects. Different people in the workshop generally performed different tasks associated with producing a work; for example, one person would apply the gilded background of a painting and another would paint the primary figures. The term is typically applied to groups active prior to the mid-17th century. The meaning of the term overlaps with "studios (organizations)," although there is often a subtle distinction in usage: "Studios (organizations)" typically refers to groups active in the 17th century and later, when the master artist or architect took on pupils rather than apprentices, and the emphasis of the pupil was on honing his native artistic skills rather than on learning a trade. "Workshops (organizations)" typically refers to earlier groups where the emphasis is on organized collaboration, smooth teamwork, a division of labor, and where apprentices are learning a trade rather than being trained as "artists" in the modern sense of the term. The phrases "studio of" or "workshop of" are often used to signify a work produced by persons in an artist's studio or workshop, but without the direct participation of the master's hand.
 
Terms:
workshops (organizations) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,PN)
workshop (organization) (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
shops (workshops, organizations) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
shop (workshop, organization) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
作坊 (組織) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
工作坊 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
工坊 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
工場 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
zuò fāng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
zuo fang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
tso fang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
werkplaatsen (onder naam van de meester) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
werkplaats (organisatie) (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
talleres (organizaciones) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
taller (organización) (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  H.HN

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Agents Facet
Agents Facet
Hierarchy of Organizations (hierarchy name)
.... Organizations (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of organizations (groups)
........ organizations (groups) (G)
Hierarchy of workshops (organizations)
............ workshops (organizations) (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 在視覺與裝飾藝術的領域裡,此詞彙指一群藝術家或工藝師組成合力製造作品的團體,通常是在一位師傅的名下合作。工坊通常包括受過訓練的藝術家與數名學徒,學徒在此循序漸進地執行練習各種精細工作以學習職業技能,通常與藝術作品或裝飾物品製作有關。一般而言工坊裡每人從事與製作相關的不同工作,如一人負責將畫作背景舖上金色,另一人負 責為主要圖像上色。此詞彙通常指存在於十七世紀中葉前的團體。詞彙意義與「工作室(組織)」重疊,但通常用法上有些微差異。「工作室(組織)」通常指十七世紀及其後的團體,藝術或建築師傅招收弟子而非學徒,弟子的重點在磨練本身的藝術技巧,而非學習職業技能。「工坊(組織)」通常指十七世紀中葉前的團體,強調組織性的合作、流暢的團隊合作與分工,因此以現代對「藝術家」這個詞彙的觀念來說,此處的學徒主要目的在學習職業技能,而非受訓成為「藝術家」。「…工作室」或「…工坊」等用語通常表示作品是由一位藝術家的工作室或工坊集體製作而成,師傅並未親手參與製作。 
Dutch ..... In de context van beeldende kunsten en kunstnijverheid een groep die bestaat uit kunstenaars en vakmensen die werk produceren, meestal onder de naam van een meester. De werkplaats bestond meestal uit geschoolde kunstenaars en een aantal leerjongens die het vak leerden door het uitvoeren van steeds ingewikkeldere handelingen voor het produceren van kunstwerken of beeldende kunst. Verschillende mensen voerden vaak verschillende taken uit. De ene persoon bracht bijvoorbeeld de vergulde achtergrond van een schilderij aan, terwijl een ander de hoofdfiguren schilderde. De term wordt meestal gebruikt voor groepen die actief waren voor het midden van de 17de eeuw. De betekenis van de term komt overeen met 'studio's (organisaties)', hoewel er wel een subtiel onderscheid is: 'studio's (organisaties)' verwijst meestal naar groepen die actief waren in de 17de eeuw en later, waarin de meesterkunstenaar of -architect geen leerjongens maar leerlingen opleidde en waarin de nadruk voor de leerlingen lag op het aanscherpen van artistieke vaardigheden en niet op het leren van een vak. 'Werkplaatsen (organisaties)' verwijst meestal naar vroegere groepen, waarin de nadruk lag op georganiseerde samenwerking, goed functionerend teamwerk en arbeidsverdeling. Ook leerden de leerjongens hier een vak en werden ze niet opgeleid tot kunstenaar in de moderne zin van de term. De termen 'studio van' of 'werkplaats van' worden vaak gebruikt om aan te geven dat een werk is geproduceerd in de studio of werkplaats van een kunstenaar, zonder dat de meester er zelf aan heeft gewerkt. 
Spanish ..... Úsese para grupos de artistas o artesanos que colaboran en producir obras, a menudo bajo el nombre de un maestro. El el siglo XIX y XX (cuando un artista maestro toma un pupilo antes que aprendices), usar, estudio (organización.) 

Related concepts:
distinguished from ....  manufactories
..................................  (organizations (groups), Organizations (hierarchy name)) [300264603]
distinguished from ....  studios (organizations)
..................................  (organizations (groups), Organizations (hierarchy name)) [300157460]
work/live in ....  workshops (work spaces)
......................  (<work and instructional spaces>, <rooms and spaces by function>, ... Components (hierarchy name)) [300004531]

Sources and Contributors:
作坊 (組織)............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.................  朗文當代大辭典 p. 2017
工作坊............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  行政院研究發展考核委員會-雙語詞彙資料庫 March 13, 2012
工坊............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
工場............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  國家教育研究院-雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 28 July, 2014 August 27, 2009
...........  朗文當代大辭典 p. 2017
...........  牛津當代大辭典 p. 2080
shop (workshop, organization)............  [VP]
..................................................  Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
shops (workshops, organizations)............  [VP]
.....................................................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.....................................................  Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
taller (organización)............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
......................................  Moliner, Diccionario de uso del español (2004) II:1255
talleres (organizaciones)............  [VP]
............................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
tso fang............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
werkplaats (organisatie)............  [AAT-Ned]
.........................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.........................................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
werkplaatsen (onder naam van de meester)............  [AAT-Ned Preferred]
.................................................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................................................................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
workshop (organization)............  [VP]
.........................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
workshops (organizations)............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
............................................  AATA database (2002-) 130635 checked 26 January 2012
............................................  Ames-Lewis, Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy (1981) 15; workshops
............................................  Avery Index (1963-) workshops
............................................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) workshops
............................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
............................................  Pierce, From Abacus to Zeus (1987) 98; workshops
............................................  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) workshops
............................................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) workshops
zuò fāng............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
zuo fang............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AAT-Ned, AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 130635 checked 26 January 2012
............  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) artists' workshops
............  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) "Workshops." Accessed 02/06/2002.
.......... Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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