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ID: 7000489
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7000489

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of Ethiopia (nation)  Ethiopia (nation)

Coordinates:
Lat: 08 00 00 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 8.0000  decimal degrees
Long: 039 00 00 E  degrees minutes   Long: 39.0000  decimal degrees

Note: Region was part of an ancient nation, dominated by Egypt and the Sabaeans; was Christian enclave isolated by Muslim conquest of adjacent area; European contact 15th century; modern Ethiopia is defined as the area conquered Theodore II in 1855; civil unrest 1980-1990s; official language is Amharic, though Tigrinya, Orominga, Arabic and English are also spoken.

Names:
Ityop'iya (preferred,C,V,Amharic (transliterated)-P,U)
YeItyop'iya Federalawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripeblik (C,V,O,Amharic (transliterated),U)
Ītyop'iya (C,V,Amharic (transliterated),U)
Ityopiya (C,V,Amharic (transliterated),U)
YeĒtiyop'iya (C,V)
Ethiopia (C,O,English-P,U,N)
Ethiopia (Tagalog)
Ethiopia (Malagasy)
Ethiopia (Vietnamese)
Ethiopia (Indonesian)
Ethiopia (Welsh)
Ethiopia (Greenlandic)
Ethiopia (Malay (macrolanguage))
Ethiopia (North Ndebele)
Ethiopia (Pampanga)
Ethiopia (Swahili (generic))
Ethiopia (Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association))
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (C,O,English,U)
Etiopia (C,O,Malagasy)
Etiopia (Indonesian)
Etiopia (Norwegian (Nynorsk))
Etiopia (Finnish)
Etiopia (Polish)
Etiopia (Romanian)
Etiopia (Basque)
Etiopia (Aragonese)
Etiopia (Albanian)
Etiopia (Breton)
Etiopia (Faroese)
Etiopia (Italian)
Etiopia (Sicilian)
Etiopia (Occitan)
Etiopia (Norwegian (Bokmål))
Etiopia (Romansh)
Etiopia (Norwegian)
Etiopia (Northern Sami)
Etiopia (Shona)
Etiopia (Ido)
Ethiopië (C,O,Dutch)
Ethiopië (Afrikaans)
Ethiopië (Limburgan)
Éthiopie (C,O,French-P,U,N)
République fédérale démocratique d'Ethiopie (C,O,French,U)
Äthiopien (C,O,German)
Äthiopien (Low German)
Etiópia (C,O,Magyar (Hungarian))
Etiópia (Portuguese)
Etiópia (Slovak)
Etiopía (C,O,Spanish-P,U,N)
Etiopía (Asturian)
Etiopía (Galician)
República Democrática Federal de Etiopía (C,O,Spanish,U)
Yaitopya (C,O)
ኢትዮጵያ (C,V,Tigrinya)
ኢትዮጵያ (Amharic)
ኢትዮጵያ (Amharic (transliterated),U)
የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (C,V,O,Amharic (transliterated),U)
Эфиопия (C,O,Tajik)
Эфиопия (Russian-P,U)
Федеративная Демократическая Республика Эфиопия (C,O,Russian,U)
埃塞俄比亚 (C,O,Chinese-P,U)
埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国 (C,O,Chinese,U)
إث وَب اَ (C,V,Arabic-P,U)
جُهور ةً إث وَب اَ الدّيملراط ةَ الاتحاد ةً (C,V,Arabic,U)
ETH (C,O,ISO3L)
ET (C,O,ISO2L)
ISO231 (C,O,ISO3N)
Ethiopian (C,O,English,U,A)
אתיופיה (C,U,Hebrew )
Abessinien (C,U)
Abissinia (C,U)
Abyssinia (C,U)
Abyssinie (C,U)
Aethiopia (C,U,Latin)
An Aetiòp (C,U,Scots Gaelic)
An Aetóip (C,U,Irish Gaelic)
Ecoppi (C,U,Fulah)
Efiopiya (C,U,Azerbaijani)
El Habesha (C,U)
Esyopya (C,U,Ganda (Ugandan language))
Ethiopi (C,U,Cornish)
Eþíópía (C,U,Icelandic)
Etijopja (C,U,Maltese)
Etioopia (C,U,Estonian)
Etiopi (C,U,Bambara)
Etiopi (Albanian)
Ê-ti-ô-pi-a (C,U,Vietnamese)
Etiòpia (C,U,Catalan)
Ê-ti-ô-pi-a (Ethiopia) (C,U,Vietnamese)
Etiopía - Ityop'iya (C,U,Galician)
Etiopia nutome (C,U,Ewe)
Ètiopie (C,U,Arpitan)
Etiopie (C,U,Czech)
Etiopien (C,U,Danish)
Etiopien (Swedish)
Etiopïi (C,U,Sangho)
Etiopija (C,U,Croatian)
Etiopija (Bosnian)
Etiopija (Latvian)
Etiopija (Slovene)
Etiopija (Lithuanian)
Etiopio (C,U,Esperanto)
Etiopiska (C,U,Upper Sorbian)
Etiopujo (C,U,Esperanto)
Etiyopiya (C,U,Rundi)
Etiyopya (C,U,Turkish)
Etshiopi (C,U,Luba-Katanga)
Etsíopi (C,U,Lingala)
Etyopi (C,U,Haitian (Haitian Creole))
Etyopia (C,U,Ilocano)
Habasha (C,U,Hausa)
Habsyah (C,U,Malay (macrolanguage))
Hibreteseb’āwīt Ītyop’iya (C,U)
i-Ethiopia (C,U,Zulu)
Ithiopia (C,U,Akan)
ʻItiōpea (C,U,Tonga (Tonga Islands))
Itiopia (C,U,Kongo (Congo))
Itiyopiya (C,U,Nauruan)
Itoobbiya (C,U,Somali)
Itoobiya (C,U,Somali)
Itoophiyaa (C,U,Oromo)
Ītyop’iya (C,U,Amharic)
Ītyop’yā (C,U)
Lätiopän (C,U,Volapük)
Orílẹ́ède Etopia (C,U,Yoruba)
Otobbia (C,U,Afar)
People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (C,U)
Socialist Ethiopia (C,U)
Uhabeshi (C,U,Kikuyu)
Uhabeshi (Swahili (generic))
Ye’ Etiyop’iya Niguse Negast Mengist (C,U)
YeĪtyop’iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokrasīyawī Rīpeblīk (C,U,Amharic)
YeĪtyop’iya Hizbawī Dīmokrasīyawī Rīpublīk (C,U,Amharic)
اثيوبيا (C,U,Arabic)
ເອທິໂອເປຍ (C,U,Lao)
អេត្យូពី (C,U,Khmer)
이디오피아 (C,U,Korean)
Αιθιοπία (C,U,Greek)
اتیوپی (C,U,Persian-Farsi)
എത്യോപ്യ (C,U,Malayalam)
Етиопия (C,U,Bulgarian)
ইথিওপিয়া (C,U,Bengali)
إثيوبيا (C,U,Arabic)
Етиопија (C,U,Serbian)
Етиопија (Macedonian)
Եթովպիա (C,U,Armenian)
เอธิโอเปีย (C,U,Thai)
ئېفىئوپىيە (C,U,Uyghur)
የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (C,U,Amharic)
ეთიოპია (C,U,Georgian)
エチオピア (C,U,Japanese)
ประเทศเอธิโอเปีย (C,U,Thai)
ईथ्योपिया (C,U,Sanskrit)
எதியோப்பியா (C,U,Tamil)
Ефіопія (C,U,Ukrainian)
حبشه (C,U,Pashto)
اېتوپیا (C,U,Pashto)
इथियोपिया (C,U,Hindi)
Этыёпія (C,U,Belarusian)
ایتھوپیا (C,U,Urdu)
ইফিওপিয়া (C,U,Bengali)
ઇથિઓપિયા (C,U,Gujarati)
ಇಥಿಯೋಪಿಯಾ (C,U,Kannada)
इथोपिया (C,U,Nepali)
에티오피아 (C,U,Korean)
Эфіопія (C,U,Belarusian)
အီသီယိုးပီးယား (C,U,Burmese)
ଇଥିଓପିଆ (C,U,Odia)
ඉතියෝපියාව (C,U,Sinhala)
ఇథియోపియా (C,U,Telugu)
ئەتیۆپیا (C,U,Kurdish)
ཨི་ཐིའོ་པི་ཡ། (C,U,Tibetan)
इथिओपिया (C,U,Marathi)
Hebretesebawit Ityopia (H,V)
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (H,O)  ............ government overthrown May 1991
Transitional Government of Ethiopia (H,O)  ............ effective after July 1991
YeĒityop'iya Hezbawi Dimokrasīyawā Republēk (H,V)

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Africa (continent)  ....  Africa (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Ethiopia (nation)  ........  Ethiopia (nation) (P)

Place Types:
nation (preferred, C)  ............  independent from Italy since 1941
primary political unit (C)
independent sovereign nation (C)
republic (C)  ............  since 1975
former territory/colony/dependent state (C)
controlled region (H)  ............  Italian, 1882-1896, 1935-1941
empire (H)  ............  emperor deposed September 1974
independent political entity (C)

Related geographic places:
capital is ....  Addis Ababa .......... (inhabited place)
..................  (World, Africa, Ethiopia, Ādīs Ābeba) [7000485]
historical connection ....  D'mt .......... (former nation/state/empire)
........................................  (World, Africa) [8698179]
historical connection ....  Ifat .......... (former nation/state/empire)
........................................  (World, Africa) [8711679]
member of ....  United Nations .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029605]
................  joined organization in 1945
successor of ....  Abyssinia .......... (general region)
......................  (World, Africa) [7032930]

Sources and Contributors:
ኢትዮጵያ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
..............  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ..........  [VP]
...............................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Эфиопия..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Федеративная Демократическая Республика Эфиопия..........  [VP]
.............................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
埃塞俄比亚..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
..............  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国..........  [VP]
.......................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
إث وَب اَ..........  [VP]
....................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
جُهور ةً إث وَب اَ الدّيملراط ةَ الاتحاد ةً..........  [VP]
.......................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
אתיופיה..........  [IMJ, VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
اثيوبيا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ເອທິໂອເປຍ..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
អេត្យូពី..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
이디오피아..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Αιθιοπία..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
اتیوپی..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
എത്യോപ്യ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Етиопия..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ইথিওপিয়া..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
إثيوبيا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Етиопија..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Եթովպիա..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
เอธิโอเปีย..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ئېفىئوپىيە..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ..........  [VP]
...............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ეთიოპია..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
エチオピア..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ประเทศเอธิโอเปีย..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ईथ्योपिया..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
எதியோப்பியா..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ефіопія..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
حبشه..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
اېتوپیا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
इथियोपिया..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Этыёпія..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ایتھوپیا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ইফিওপিয়া..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ઇથિઓપિયા..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ಇಥಿಯೋಪಿಯಾ..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
इथोपिया..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
에티오피아..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Эфіопія..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
အီသီယိုးပီးယား..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ଇଥିଓପିଆ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ඉතියෝපියාව..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ఇథియోపియా..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ئەتیۆپیا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ཨི་ཐིའོ་པི་ཡ།..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
इथिओपिया..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Abessinien..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Abissinia..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Abyssinia..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Abyssinie..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Aethiopia..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
An Aetiòp..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
An Aetóip..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Äthiopien..........  [VP]
....................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1020
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ecoppi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Efiopiya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
El Habesha..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Esyopya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ET..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
...........  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) FIPS; accessed 04/07/99
ETH..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Handbook (1988) 766
Ethiopi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ethiopia..........  [BHA, IMJ Preferred, VP]
.................  Cambridge Encyclopedia (1990)
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................  ISO Newsletter (1993) 1993-07-16, III-55
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-30
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 50
.................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 380-381
Eþíópía..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ethiopian..........  [VP]
....................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 13
Ethiopië..........  [VP]
.................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) 232
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Éthiopie..........  [BHA, VP]
.................  Cassell's French Dictionary (1981) 172
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Etijopja..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etioopia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopía..........  [VP]
.................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 757
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopia..........  [VP]
.................  Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1983) 715
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiópia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) 319
Ê-ti-ô-pi-a..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiòpia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ê-ti-ô-pi-a (Ethiopia)..........  [VP]
.........................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopía - Ityop'iya..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopia nutome..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ètiopie..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopie..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopien..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopïi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopija..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopio..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopiska..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiopujo..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiyopiya..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etiyopya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etshiopi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etsíopi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etyopi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Etyopia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia..........  [VP]
.................................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
.................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Habasha..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Habsyah..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Hebretesebawit Ityopia..........  [VP]
.........................................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 195-196
Hibreteseb’āwīt Ītyop’iya..........  [VP]
............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
i-Ethiopia..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ISO231..........  [VP]
.................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
Ithiopia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
ʻItiōpea..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Itiopia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Itiyopiya..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Itoobbiya..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Itoobiya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Itoophiyaa..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ītyop'iya..........  [VP Preferred]
....................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 605
Ityopiya..........  [VP]
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) 319
Ityop'iya..........  [VP]
....................  UNGEGN List of Country Names (2007) accessed 15 June 2009
....................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Ītyop’iya..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Ītyop’yā..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Lätiopän..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Orílẹ́ède Etopia..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Otobbia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia..........  [VP]
.................................................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 592
.................................................................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia..........  [VP]
.................................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
República Democrática Federal de Etiopía..........  [VP]
.................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
République fédérale démocratique d'Ethiopie..........  [VP]
.......................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Socialist Ethiopia..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Transitional Government of Ethiopia..........  [VP]
...........................................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 593
Uhabeshi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Yaitopya..........  [VP]
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1986) I-228
YeĒityop'iya Hezbawi Dimokrasīyawā Republēk..........  [VP]
.......................................................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 592
YeĒtiyop'iya..........  [VP]
.......................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 593
.......................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 604
Ye’ Etiyop’iya Niguse Negast Mengist..........  [VP]
...........................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
YeĪtyop’iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokrasīyawī Rīpeblīk..........  [VP]
..........................................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
YeItyop'iya Federalawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripeblik..........  [VP]
..........................................................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
YeĪtyop’iya Hizbawī Dīmokrasīyawī Rīpublīk..........  [VP]
.......................................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
Subject: .....  [BHA, IMJ, VP]
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 592
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 593
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 604
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 605
..................  Cambridge Encyclopedia (1990)
..................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 195-196
..................  Cassell's French Dictionary (1981) 172
..................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1020
..................  Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1983) 4; 715
..................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 757
..................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) 232
..................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 337996
..................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
..................  ISO Handbook (1988) 766
..................  ISO Newsletter (1993) 1993-07-16, III-55
..................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
..................  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) accessed 04/07/99
..................  Rand McNally Atlas (1986) I-228
..................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) 319
..................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-30
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 50
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 13
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 380; 380-381
..................  Wikipedia (2000-) https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]

 

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The J. Paul Getty Trust