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ID: 300018886
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300018886

 

Record Type: concept
Kushan (<Indian dynastic styles and periods>, Indian (South Asian), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the period of culture of the Kushan dynasty in ancient India, approximately from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. The Kushan dynasty was very wealthy due to its control of trade route gateways to the Roman Middle East and China; it reached the pinnacle of its grandeur under King Kanishka of the late 1st century to early 2nd century. Kanishka's coins, with their depictions of gods from different religions, reflect his desire to live harmoniously with the various peoples within his domain as well as with the peoples of regions he had trade links with. There were two important artistic centers: Gandhara and Mathura; although there was contact and exchange between the two, they developed unique styles. The image of Buddha as a god emerges for the first time during this period; it is first seen on a coin and was soon found in complete stone images.
 
Terms:
Kushan (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Kushan (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Kuṣāṇa (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Kushana (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Kushana (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Kushanas (C,U,LC,English,UF,U,U)
貴霜王朝 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
guì shuāng wáng cháo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
gui shuang wang chao (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
kuei shuang wang ch'ao (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of South Asian
................ South Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Indian (South Asian)
.................... Indian (South Asian) (G)
Hierarchy of <Indian dynastic styles and periods>
........................ <Indian dynastic styles and periods> (G)
Hierarchy of Kushan
............................ Kushan (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 指發展於西元前一世紀至西元三世紀間,古印度貴霜王朝的文化時期。由於貴霜王朝控制通往羅馬中東部與中國的貿易通道,因而相當富裕,西元一世紀末至西元二世紀初,在迦膩色伽王(King Kanishka)的統治下達到全盛。迦膩色伽的硬幣上繪有不同宗教的神祇,反映出迦膩色伽王想要與王朝內不同民族以及與其貿易往來地區的居民和諧共處的想法。本時期有兩個重要的藝術中心:犍陀羅(Gandhara)與秣菟羅(Mathura)。儘管兩個藝術中心間互有交流接觸,不過仍各自發展出獨特的風格。佛陀的神祇形象於本時期首度出現,最先見之於一個硬幣,不久後便以完整的形象出現於石雕塑像之上。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de cultuurperiode van de Kushana-dynastie in oud-India, vanaf circa de 1ste eeuw v. Chr. tot de 3de eeuw n. Chr. De Kushana-dynastie was zeer welvarend dankzij de controle over handelsroutes naar het Romeinse Midden-Oosten en China; deze periode bereikte haar hoogtepunt onder koning Kanishka van het eind van de 1ste eeuw tot het begin van de 2de eeuw. Kanishka's muntstukken, met hun afbeeldingen van goden die afkomstig waren uit verschillende religies, weerspiegelen zijn wens om in harmonie te leven met de verschillende volken binnen zijn domein en met de volken uit gebieden waarmee hij handelsbetrekkingen onderhield. Er waren twee belangrijke artistieke centra: Gandhara en Mathura. Hoewel de twee centra met elkaar in contact stonden, ontwikkelden ze unieke stijlen. De afbeelding van Boeddha als een god duikt tijdens deze periode voor het eerst op. Men treft deze afbeelding het eerst aan op een muntstuk en spoedig daarna in de vorm van volledige stenen beelden. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere al período de cultura de la dinastía Kushan en India antigua, aproximadamente del siglo I d.C al siglo III d.C. La dinastía Kushan era muy rica debido a su control de las entradas de las rutas de comercio al Medio Oriente Romano y China; alcanzó el pináculo de su grandeza bajo el Rey Kanishka desde fines del siglo I a principios del siglo II. Las monedas de Kanishka, con sus representaciones de dioses de religiones diferentes, reflejan su deseo de vivir armoniosamente con los diversos pueblos dentro de su dominio así como con los pueblos de regiones con los que tenía vínculos comerciales. Hubo dos centros artísticos importantes: Gandhara y Mathura; aunque hubo contacto e intercambio entre los dos, ellos desarrollaron estilos únicos. La imagen de Buddha como un dios surge por primera vez durante este período; se ve por primera vez en una moneda y pronto se encuentra en imágenes de piedra completas. 

Sources and Contributors:
貴霜王朝............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred, VP]
...........  中亞文明史 Vol. 2,pp. 472
...........  印度與東南亞文化史 14
...........  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 February 29, 2012
gui shuang wang chao............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
guì shuāng wáng cháo............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
kuei shuang wang ch'ao............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.........................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Kuṣāṇa............  [VP]
.................  Cofmaraswamy, History of Indian and Indonesian Art (1927) 279
.................  Harle, Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent (1986) 585
Kushan............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  AATA database (2002-) 125388 checked 26 January 2012
.................  Craven, Indian Art (1997) illustration, 81
.................  Heibonsha Survey of Japanese Art (1972-1980) 765
.................  Lee, History of Far Eastern Art (1982) 12
.................  Oxford Companion to Art (1984) 566
.................  Pal, Indian Sculpture (1986-1988) Vol. 1, 274
.................  TAA database (2000-)
Kushana............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Goetz, India (1981)
.................  Groslier, Indo-China (1962) CHT2
.................  Pearman, CMA Slide Library Classification (1980s) 224
Kushanas............  [VP]
.................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 125388 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) ...,Kushan
............  Goetz, India (1981)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Goetz, India (1981)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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