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Northern Zhou (culture, style, and period) (Northern Dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Refers to the culture, style, and period of a northern Chinese dynasty 557-581 CE. The Yuwen family of the Xianbei tribe created the Northern Zhou dynasty out of the puppet state of Western Wei. The dynasty was based in the Wei River valley and had its capital at Chang'an in Shaanxi province. Buddhists were persecuted during the reign of Emperor Wudi (reigned 561-577) because the monasteries were considered a drain on the state. Wudi's conquer of the Northern Qi dynasty, which temporarily reunited northern China, was largely financed by the confiscation of monastery property and supported by the forced labor of the million monks and nuns forcibly laicized. Nevertheless, Buddhist art was still created during this period, most notably at Chang'an. Indian Gupta sculptures were the models for several massive Buddha sculptures and there are a few Northern Zhou style wall paintings in the Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang. In such paintings the landscape is important yet subordinate to figural elements. The Northern Zhou dynasty was succeeded by the Sui dynasty, founded by a royal maternal relative named Yang Jian in 581.
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| Terms: |
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| Northern Zhou (culture, style, and period) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Zhou, Northern (culture, style, and period) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Chou, Northern (culture, style, and period) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Northern Chou (culture, style, and period) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Hsien-pi (Northern Zhou) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 北周 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 北周 (Chinese,UF,U,U)
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| 北朝周 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 後周 (南北朝) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| běi zhōu (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| bei zhou (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| Bĕi Zhōu (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin),UF,U,U)
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| pei chou (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| Noordelijke Zhou (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| Zhou del norte (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Asian (G) |
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................ East Asian (G) |
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.................... Chinese (culture or style) (G) |
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........................ Chinese dynastic styles and periods (G) |
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............................ Southern and Northern Dynasties (G) |
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................................ Northern Dynasties (G) |
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.................................... Northern Zhou (culture, style, and period) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 西元557年至581年間建立於中國北方的朝代。鮮卑宇文氏家族結束西魏傀儡政府，建立北周。北周奠基於渭水河谷，定都陝西長安。北周武帝時（西元561年至西元577年在位），佛教徒被視為國家的負擔，因而遭受迫害。武帝之所以能攻克短暫統一中國北方的北齊，其軍事經費主要來自沒收的僧院財產，後援勞力主要來自上百萬被迫還俗的名僧侶與尼姑。然而，此時期仍有佛教藝術創作，大多數位於長安。印度笈多王朝雕像為許多大型佛像的原型。在敦煌千佛洞則有一些北周風格的壁畫，在這些壁畫中，山水畫固然重要，不過仍遜於人物畫。承襲北周的是隋朝，由外戚楊堅於西元581年建立。 |
| Dutch ..... Verwijst naar een noordelijke Chinese dynastie uit de periode 557 tot 581 n. Chr. De Yuwen-familie van de Xianbei-stam stichtte de Noordelijke Zhou-dynastie vanuit de marionettenstaat van de Westelijke Wei. De dynastie had haar machtscentrum in de vallei van de rivier de Wei, met als hoofdstad Chang'an, in de provincie Shaanxi. Tijdens het regime van keizer Wudi (heerste van 561-577) werden boeddhisten vervolgd, omdat de kloosters de staatskas te zwaar zouden belasten. De verovering door Wudi van de Noordelijke Qi-dynastie, waardoor het noorden van China tijdelijk werd verenigd, werd grotendeels gefinancierd uit de geconfisqueerde kloosterbezittingen; miljoenen monniken en nonnen verloren hun status en moesten dwangarbeid verrichten. Niettemin werd er nog wel boeddhistische kunst geproduceerd gedurende deze periode, met name in Chang'an. Indiase Gupta-modellen dienden als voorbeeld voor diverse Boeddhabeelden, en ook zijn er enkele wandschilderingen in de Noordelijke Zhou-stijl vervaardigd, in de Duizend Boeddhagrotten in Dunhuang. In dergelijke schilderingen neemt het landschap wel een voorname plaats in, maar blijft het ondergeschikt aan de figuren. De Noordelijke Zhou-dynastie werd opgevolgd door de Sui-dynastie, die in 1581 werd gesticht door Yang Jian, een lid van het koningshuis van de moederlijke tak. |
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Related concepts: |
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| preceded .... |
Sui |
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(Chinese dynastic styles and periods, Chinese (culture or style), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300018419] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Chou, Northern (culture, style, and period)............ |
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| ....................................................................... |
Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| Zhou, Northern (culture, style, and period)............ |
[VP] |
| ....................................................................... |
Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
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