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Īrān (nation) |
Coordinates: |
| Lat: 32 00 00 N degrees minutes |
Lat: 32.0000 decimal degrees |
| Long: 053 00 00 E degrees minutes |
Long: 53.0000 decimal degrees |
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Note: Îrān is located south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf. It borders Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The capital city is Tehran and the primary language is Farsi, although Turkish, Kurdish, and Afghan are spoken among the minorities. Islam is the primary religion. The country was inhabited in 100,000 BCE, but recorded history began with the Elmites in 3000 BCE. Three major dynasties of this pre-Islamic era are the Persian (550-331 BCE), the Parthian (250 BCE- 224 CE) and the Sassanian (224-651 CE). The Persians were able to establish an empire with the help of Cyrus the Great. This dynasty collapsed in 331 BCE when Alexander the Great conquered the region. After the fall of the Seleucid, Parthian, Bactrian, and Sassanian empires, the non-Persian Islamic princes began their rule. Following this period came the Safavid (1502-1736) dynasty (marking an Írānian state with roughly the same boundaries as present-day Írān) and the Qājār (1779-1921) dynasty. During Qājār rule, European intervention in Iranian politics began to elevate. After a famine and bankruptcy in 1921 the last of the Qājār kings, Nāser od-Dīn Shāh and Mozzaffar od-Dīn Shāh, set the grounds for Reza Khan's takeover, effectively beginning the last Persian dynasty, the Pahlavi (1921-1979 CE). Khan's son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1941-1979 CE), took power, and fled the country in 1979, giving way to the Islamic Republic of Írān. |
Names: |
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| Īrān (preferred,C,V,Persian-Farsi (transliterated)-P,U,N)
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| Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān (C,V,O,Persian-Farsi,U)
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| Îrān (C,V)
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| Īrān, Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye (C,V,Persian-Farsi (transliterated),U,N)
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| Jomhūri-ye Eslamī-ye Irān (C,V,Persian-Farsi (transliterated),U,N)
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| Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (C,V)
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| Jomhori-e-Islami-e-Irân (C,V)
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| Iran (C,O,English-P,U,N)
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............ | since 1935 |
| Iran (French-P,U,N)
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| Islamic Republic of Iran (C,O)
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| Iran, Islamic Republic of (C,O)
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| Iran, République islamique d' (C,O,French,U,N)
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| République islamique d'Iran (C,O,French,U,N)
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| Irán (C,O,Spanish-P,U,N)
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| República Islámica del Irán (C,O,Spanish,U)
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| Irán, República Islámica del (C,O,Spanish,U,N)
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| Irã (C,O)
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| Иран (C,O,Russian-P,U)
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| Исламская Республика Иран (C,O,Russian,U)
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| 伊朗 (C,O,Chinese-P,U)
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| 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 (C,O,Chinese,U)
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| إ رٍان (C,O,Arabic-P,U)
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| جُهور ةً إ رٍان الإسلام ةِ (C,O,Arabic,U)
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| IRN (C,O,ISO3L)
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| IR (C,O,ISO2L)
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| ISO364 (C,O,ISO3N)
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| IR00 (C,O,FIPS)
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| Iranian (C,O,English,U,A)
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| איראן (C,U,Hebrew )
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| Iran, Empire of (H,O)
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| Īrēn, Keshvar-e Shēhanshēhē-ye (H,O)
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| Perse (H,O)
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| Persia (H,O)
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............ | name was officially changed to "Iran" in 1935 |
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Hierarchical Position: |
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Asia (continent) (P) |
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........ |
Īrān (nation) (P) |
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Additional Parents: |
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Īrān (nation) |
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Asia (continent) (P) |
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............ |
Īrān (nation) |
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Asia (continent) (P) |
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Īrān (nation) (P,H) 612-330 BCE |
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Place Types: |
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| nation (preferred, C) |
............ |
as founded by Safawids, since 1502 |
| primary political unit (C) |
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| independent sovereign nation (C) |
............ |
recognized by USSR 1921 |
| republic (C) |
............ |
Islamic, established 1979 |
| empire (H) |
............ |
under Kajar shahs 1794-1925; finally abolished in 1979 |
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Related geographic places: |
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| capital is .... |
Tehrān .......... (inhabited place) |
| .................. |
(World, Asia, Īrān, Tehrān) [7002157] |
| historical connection .... |
Il-Khanate .......... (former nation/state/empire) |
| ........................................ |
(World, Asia, Mongol Empire) [6002725] |
| member of .... |
United Nations .......... (organization) |
| ................ |
(World) [7029605] |
| ................ |
joined organization in 1945 |
| successor of .... |
Persia .......... (historical region) |
| ...................... |
(World, Asia) [7024079] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| République islamique d'Iran.......... |
[VP] |
| ............................................... |
ISO Handbook (1988) 779 |
| Subject: ..... |
[BHA, FDA, GRLPSC, IMJ, VP] |
| .................. |
Akurgal, Ancient Ruins of Turkey (1983) |
| .................. |
BHA, Authority file (1973-) |
| .................. |
Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 623 |
| .................. |
Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 630 |
| .................. |
Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 290-292 |
| .................. |
Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 376 |
| .................. |
Columbia Encyclopedia (1975) |
| .................. |
Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) VI, 374 ff.; VI, 374-376; 6:374 ff. |
| .................. |
Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2002) accessed 05/19/99 |
| .................. |
ISO Country Codes (1996) 15 |
| .................. |
ISO Handbook (1988) 767; 779 |
| .................. |
Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.) |
| .................. |
Middle East, National Geographic (1991) map supplement |
| .................. |
National Archives and Record Administration database (1987-) |
| .................. |
NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998) |
| .................. |
NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1998-2000) accessed 01/20/99 |
| .................. |
Rand McNally Atlas (1994) 319 |
| .................. |
Shanks, International Atlas (1991) 216 |
| .................. |
Times Atlas of the World (1985) plate 32 |
| .................. |
Times Atlas of the World (1994) plate 32 |
| .................. |
Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-43 |
| .................. |
UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 58 |
| .................. |
UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 18 |
| .................. |
Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 546-548 |
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