Note: Viana was one of the pilgrimage sites on route to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, home of the shrine dedicated to Saint James, the patron saint of Spain. The symbol of Saint James, the scalloped shell, became the primary symbol representing pilgrims. Various pilgrimage routes in the autonomous communities of Aragon, Navarre, and León correspond to old Roman roads built in the northern portion of the Iberian Peninsula. Viana is situated on a rocky promontory, between Navarre and Castile. Ca. 1200, Viana was in shambles due to warfare and was less solicited by pilgrims; reconstruction began after 1219.
icon to view the hierarchy.
