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ID: 300005923 Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300005923			Record Type: concept

tombstones (sepulchral monuments) (sepulchral monuments, funerary structures, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name))

Note: Refers to stones or metal plates designating graves or tombs, almost always located outdoors, usually vertically-placed freestanding slabs or slabs placed horizontally on the ground, over graves or at the entrances of tombs. In early use, referred to the covers of stone coffins or the stone coffins themselves. For stones placed flush with the floor over a tomb in an interior space, use "tomb slabs."

Terms:

tombstones (sepulchral monuments) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)

tombstone (sepulchral monuments) (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)

gravestone (C,U,English,AD,U,N)

tomb-stones (sepulchral monuments) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)

gravestones (C,U,English,UF,U,N)

grave-stones (C,U,English,UF,U,N)

墓碑 (墓葬建築) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)

墓石 (墓葬建築) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)

mù bēi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)

mu bei (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)

mu pei (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)

grafstenen (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)

grafsteen (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)

pierres tombales (C,U,French-P,D,U,PN)

pierre tombale (C,U,French,AD,U,SN)

Grabstein (C,V,German-P,D,SN)

Grabsteine (C,V,German,AD,PN)

מצבה (C,U,Hebrew,D,N)

ציון קבר (C,U,Hebrew,UF,N)

lápidas (tombstones) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)

lápida (tombstone) (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)

Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.RK

Hierarchical Position:

Objects Facet

.... Built Environment (hierarchy name) (G)

........ Single Built Works (hierarchy name) (G)

............ single built works (built environment) (G)

................ <single built works by specific type> (G)

.................... <single built works by function> (G)

........................ ceremonial structures (G)

............................ funerary structures (G)

................................ sepulchral monuments (G)

.................................... tombstones (sepulchral monuments) (G)

Additional Notes:

Chinese (traditional) ..... 標誌墳墓所在的石碑或金屬板，一般都設在戶外，通常單獨垂直豎立，但是有些則平放於地面、墓穴之上或墳墓入口處；早期該詞則用以指稱石棺之棺蓋或石棺本身。若是置於室內墳墓之上，與地面同高的石板，則稱為「墓板」。

German ..... Bezieht sich auf einen Stein oder eine Metallplatte, der oder die ein Grab oder eine Gruft in der Regel im Freien kennzeichnet, normalerweise senkrecht freistehende Platte oder eine Platte, die waagrecht auf dem Boden über dem Grab oder dem Eingang einer Gruft befindet. Der Begriff bezog sich früher auf die Abdeckung eines Steinsargs oder den Steinsarg selbst. Ein Stein, der bündig mit dem Boden über einer Gruft in einem Innenraum liegt, verwende "Grabplatte".

Related concepts:

distinguished from ....	tomb slabs
..................................	(sepulchral monuments, funerary structures, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300185385]

meaning/usage overlaps with ....	grave pillars
..................................................	(sepulchral monuments, funerary structures, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300391177]

used/function as ....	grave markers
..............................	(sepulchral monuments, funerary structures, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300391176]

Sources and Contributors:

מצבה............	[IMJ]
...........	Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)

ציון קבר............	[IMJ]
.................	Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)

墓碑 (墓葬建築)............	[AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
....................	建築學英漢辭典 432
....................	智慧藏百科全書網 May 4, 2012
....................	朗文當代大辭典 759
....................	牛津當代大辭典 1922

墓石 (墓葬建築)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
....................	建築學英漢辭典 432
....................	智慧藏百科全書網 May 4, 2012
....................	朗文當代大辭典 759
....................	牛津當代大辭典 1922

Grabstein............	[IfM-SMB-PK Preferred]
....................	Duden [online] (2011-) https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Grabstein
....................	DWDS - Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [online] (2008-) https://www.dwds.de/wb/Grabstein
....................	GND - Gemeinsame Normdatei http://d-nb.info/gnd/4157987-2
....................	Seemann. Lexikon der Kunst. Bd. 2. 2004 823

Grabsteine............	[IfM-SMB-PK]
.......................	Duden [online] (2011-) https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Grabstein

grafsteen............	[RKD, AAT-Ned]
....................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
....................	Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)

grafstenen............	[RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.......................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................	Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)

gravestone............	[IMJ Preferred, VP]
.......................	Chenhall, Revised Nomenclature (1988)
.......................	Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)

gravestones............	[VP]
.......................	Avery Index (1963-)
.......................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.......................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
.......................	Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976)

grave-stones............	[VP]
.......................	Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)

lápida (tombstone)............	[CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
...................................	Alvarez et al., Diccionario de la decoración (1968) 364
...................................	Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración Dibam: Materia y Alma; Santiago Chile, CNCR-DIBAM, 2006
...................................	Whittick, Enciclopedia de la Planificacón urbana (1975)

lápidas (tombstones)............	[CDBP-SNPC, VP]
...................................	Alvarez, Diccionario de la decoración (1968) 364
...................................	Comité, Plural del término en singular
...................................	Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
...................................	Whittick, Enciclopedia de la Planificación Urbana (1975)

mu bei............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)

mù bēi............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)

mu pei............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)

pierres tombales............	[CHIN / RCIP Preferred]
.............................	CHIN database (1988-)

pierre tombale............	[AASLH, CHIN / RCIP, VP]
.............................	AASLH data (2016-)
.............................	CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.............................	CHIN database (1988-)
.............................	Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/13022; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.............................	Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 13022
.............................	Parks Canada Descriptive Dictionary of Objects / Dictionnaire descriptif d’objets (c 1996)

tombstone (sepulchral monuments)............	[AASLH Preferred, CHIN / RCIP, IMJ, VP]
.....................................................	AASLH data (2016-)
.....................................................	Chenhall, Revised Nomenclature (1988)
.....................................................	CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.....................................................	Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.....................................................	Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/13022; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.....................................................	Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 13022
.....................................................	Parks Canada Descriptive Dictionary of Objects / Dictionnaire descriptif d’objets (c 1996)

tombstones (sepulchral monuments)............	[CDBP-SNPC, GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
........................................................	AATA database (2002-) 129839 checked 26 January 2012
........................................................	Avery Index (1963-)
........................................................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
........................................................	Harris, Historic Architecture Sourcebook (1977) 539
........................................................	RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982)
........................................................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
........................................................	Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
........................................................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
........................................................	Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976)

tomb-stones (sepulchral monuments)............	[VP]
...........................................................	Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)


Subject: .....	[AASLH, AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, GCI, IfM-SMB-PK, IMJ, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............	AASLH data (2016-)
............	AATA database (2002-) 129839 checked 26 January 2012
............	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
............	CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
............	CHIN database (1988-)
............	Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
............	Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/13022; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
............	Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-)
............	Parks Canada Descriptive Dictionary of Objects / Dictionnaire descriptif d’objets (c 1996)
............	RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982)
............	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
............	Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)


Note:
English	..........	[VP]
	..........	American Heritage Dictionary (1982)
	..........	Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
Chinese (traditional)	..........	[AS-Academia Sinica]
	..........	AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
German	..........	[IfM-SMB-PK]
	..........	IfM Berlin

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