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ID: 300019292
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300019292

 

Record Type: concept
Aurignacian (<Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the toolmaking and artistic culture of Upper Paleolithic Europe that followed the Mousterian culture, was contemporary with the Perigordian, and is named after the site at Aurignac in southern France. The distinctive style may indicate an intrusion of new peoples into western Europe, and is distinguished from contemporary cultures by a preponderance of retouched flake tools rather than blades, the creation of blades and burins by the punch technique, and split-base and biconical points. The culture is credited with the invention of the burin, which made engraved art possible. The art is characterized by stylized "Venus" figurines, small carvings and engravings that employ foreshortening and shading through cross-hatching, and cave paintings that include human hands being used as stencils and painted polychrome animals, often with distinctive "twisted perspective," which is a depiction of the animals in profile with their horns twisted to a frontal view.
 
Terms:
Aurignacian (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
歐里納克時期 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
奧呂文化 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
ōu lǐ nà kè shí qǐ (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
ou li na ke shi qi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
ou li na k'o shih ch'i (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
Aurignacien (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Auriñacense (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Early Western World
............ Early Western World (G)
Hierarchy of <ancient European styles and periods>
................ <ancient European styles and periods> (G)
Hierarchy of <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>
.................... <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods> (G)
Hierarchy of <Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>
........................ <Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods> (G)
Hierarchy of Aurignacian
............................ Aurignacian (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 是指接續在穆斯底里安時期之後的舊石器時代晚期的工具製造與藝術文化,與法國晚期舊石器時代的佩里戈文化(Perigordian)同一時期,並以法國南部的歐里納克(Aurignac)遺址為名。此特殊的風格顯示出新人種移入西歐的可能性,與其他當代文化不同,此文化所生產的石片工具多半經過重製修飾而非僅是刀刃、其特色為以敲擊技術製作出來的刀器與雕刻刀器、開裂式的底座以及雙圓錐狀尖器。此一文化的創舉在於發明了雕刻刀器,讓雕刻藝術得以發展。此項藝術的特徵是風格化的小型「維納斯」塑像、運用縮小深度法與交叉排線所製造出的明暗對比雕製而成的小型雕刻與雕版,以及包含人類手印圖案,以及多以獨特的「扭曲透視法」(twisted perspective)差以繪製彩色動物圖形的洞穴繪畫此技法以側面勾勒動物輪廓,但卻以正面視點呈現獸角。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de gereedschaps- en kunstcultuur van hoog-paleolithisch Europa die volgde op de Moustérien cultuur, gelijktijdig was met het Périgordien en is genoemd naar de opgravingen bij Aurignac in het zuiden van Frankrijk. De typische stijl kan wijzen op een invasie van nieuwe volkeren in West-Europa en onderscheidt zich van gelijktijdige culturen door een overdaad aan bewerkt hakgereedschap in plaats van snijgereedschap, de vervaardiging van lemmeten en burijnen door middel van ponstechniek, en dubbelkonische punten met gespleten basis. Deze cultuur heeft de burijn uitgevonden, die de graveerkunst mogelijk maakte. De kunst kenmerkt zich door gestileerde venusfiguren, kleine snijwerken en graveringen waarin verkort perspectief en schakering is toegepast door middel van kruisarcering, en grotschilderingen van mensenhanden die worden gebruikt als sjablonen en geschilderde meerkleurige dieren, vaak met een opvallend verdraaid perspectief, dat wil zeggen dat de dieren en profil zijn afgebeeld met hun hoorns gedraaid in een frontale weergave. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere a la cultura de fabricación de herramientas y artística de Europa Paleolítica Superior que siguió a la cultura Musteriense, contemporánea a la Perigordiense, y que lleva el nombre del sitio en Aurignac en Francia del sur. El estilo distintivo puede indicar una intrusión de nuevos pueblos en Europa occidental, y se diferencia de las culturas contemporáneas por una preponderancia de herramientas de lasca retocadas en lugar de cuchillas, la creación de hojas de cuchillo y buriles por la técnica de punzón, y base dividida y puntas biconicas. Se le atribuye a esta cultura la invención del buril que hizo posible el arte del grabado. El arte se caracteriza por estatuillas estilizadas de "Venus", esculturas pequeñas y grabados que emplean escorzo y sombreado por medio de trama en cruz, y pinturas rupestres que incluyen manos humanas que se usan como patrones y pinturas policromas de animales, a menudo con una característica perspectiva torcida qué es una representación de los animales en perfil con sus cuernos torcidos a una vista frontal. 

Related concepts:
coexisted with ....  Perigordian
..........................  (<Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300106797]
coexisted with ....  Szeletian
..........................  (<Eastern European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300106812]
distinguished from ....  Gravettian
..................................  (<Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300019297]
followed ....  Mousterian
................  (<European Middle Paleolithic styles and periods>, <ancient European styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300019291]
formerly referred to ....  Châtelperronian
....................................  (<Western European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, <European Upper Paleolithic styles and periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300106799]

Sources and Contributors:
歐里納克時期............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.................  國立編譯館學術名詞資訊網 February 01, 2011
.................  牛津當代大辭典 p. 101
奧呂文化............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  人類學緒論 p. 182
...........  當代文化人類學 p. 816
Aurignacian............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.......................  AATA database (2002-) 120721 checked 26 January 2012
.......................  Bandi, Art of the Stone Age (1961) GLOS
.......................  Champion et al., Prehistoric Europe (1984) 351
.......................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) "Upper Paleolithic: Aurignacian." Accessed 01/28/99.
.......................  Hester, Introduction to Archaeology (1976) 164
.......................  Oxford Companion to Art (1984) 1100, v
.......................  Sandars, Prehistoric Art in Europe (1985)
.......................  Schutz, Prehistory of Germanic Europe (1983) 409
Aurignacien............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Winkler Prins Encyclopedie (1990)
Auriñacense............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
.......................  TAA database (2000-)
ou li na ke shi qi............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
ou li na k'o shih ch'i............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.........................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
ōu lǐ nà kè shí qǐ............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 120721 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) Aurignacian culture
............  Winkler Prins Encyclopedie (1990)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Winkler Prins Encyclopedie (1990)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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