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ID: 1000135
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000135

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of Pilipinas (nation)  Pilipinas (nation)

Coordinates:
Lat: 13 00 00 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 13.0000  decimal degrees
Long: 122 00 00 E  degrees minutes   Long: 122.0000  decimal degrees

Note: Comprises over 7000 islands; area first settled by Negritos (a pygmy group) by 30,000 BCE; later settled by Malayans; Islam introduced by Arabs 14th century; Spanish conquest began 1564, endured conflict with Moros of South and Chinese; revolution 1896-1899; official languages are Pilipino and English.

Names:
Pilipinas (preferred,C,V,Tagalog)
Pilipinas (Ilocano)
Pilipinas (Cebuano)
Pilipinas (Filipino-P,U,N)
Pilipinas (Waray (Philippines))
Republika ng Pilipinas (C,V,O,Filipino,U,N)
Republika ñg Pilipinas (C,V,Filipino,U,N)
Philippines (C,V,English-P,U,N)  ............ named for Philip II of Spain, 16th cen.
Philippines (Vietnamese)
Philippines (Akan)
Philippines (French-P,U,N)
Philippines (North Ndebele)
Philippines (Shona)
Republic of the Philippines (C,V,O,English,U,N)
République des Philippines (C,V,French,U,N)
Philippine Islands (C,V)
Filipinas (C,V,Portuguese)
Filipinas (Spanish-P,U,N)
Filipinas (Aragonese)
Filipinas (Galician)
Filipinas (Occitan)
Filipinas (Pampanga)
República de Filipinas (C,V,Spanish,U,N)
República de Filipinas (Filipino)
Islas Filipinas (C,V)
Filippijnen (C,O,Dutch)
Philippinen (C,O,German)
Philippinen (Low German)
Филиппины (C,O,Russian-P,U)
Республика Филиппины (C,O,Russian,U)
菲律宾 (C,O,Chinese-P,U)
菲律宾共和国 (C,O,Chinese,U)
ا فًبَين (C,O,Arabic-P,U)
جُهور ةً ا فًبَين (C,O,Arabic,U)
PHL (C,O,ISO3L)
PH (C,O,ISO2L)
ISO608 (C,O,ISO3N)
RP (C,O,FIPS)
Filipino (C,O,Kikuyu)
Filipino (Swahili (generic))
Philippine (C,O,English,U,A)
הפיליפינים (C,U,Hebrew )
Amazinga ya Filipine (C,U,Rundi)
Bizinga bya Firipino (C,U,Ganda (Ugandan language))
Felipines (C,U,Arpitan)
Filibiin (C,U,Somali)
Filipaina (C,U,Samoan)
Filipaini (C,U,Tonga (Tonga Islands))
Filipiene (C,U,Limburgan)
Filipiin (C,U,Fulah)
Filipiinid (C,U,Estonian)
Filipijnen (C,U,Dutch)
Filîpîn (C,U,Kurdish)
Filipin (C,U,Azerbaijani)
Filipin (Hausa)
Filipin (Haitian (Haitian Creole))
Filipinɛ (C,U,Lingala)
Filipina (C,U,Malagasy)
Filipina (Indonesian)
Filipina (Malay (macrolanguage))
Filipinai (C,U,Lithuanian)
Filipinak (C,U,Basque)
Filipīnas (C,U,Latvian)
Filipinas - Pilipinas (C,U,Galician)
Filipine (C,U,Romanian)
Filipine (Albanian)
Filipinen (C,U,Western Frisian)
Filipines (C,U,Catalan)
Filipines (Asturian)
Filipinet (C,U,Albanian)
Filipinez (C,U,Breton)
Filipini (C,U,Bambara)
Filipini (Croatian)
Filipini (Bosnian)
Filipini (Slovene)
Filipini (Ido)
Filipîni (C,U,Sangho)
Filipini nutome (C,U,Ewe)
Filipinler (C,U,Turkish)
Filipinler Cumhuriyeti (C,U,Turkish)
Filipinoj (C,U,Esperanto)
Filipiny (C,U,Polish)
Filipiny (Upper Sorbian)
Filipíny (C,U,Slovak)
Filipíny (Czech)
Filipinys (C,U,Cornish)
Filippiinit (C,U,Finnish)
Filippiinnat (C,U,Northern Sami)
Filippinane (C,U,Norwegian (Nynorsk))
Filippinas (C,U,Romansh)
Filippine (C,U,Italian)
Filippinene (C,U,Norwegian (Nynorsk))
Filippinene (Norwegian (Bokmål))
Filippinene (Norwegian)
Filippinerna (C,U,Swedish)
Filippinerne (C,U,Danish)
Filippini (C,U,Maltese)
Filippseyjar (C,U,Icelandic)
Filippyne (C,U,Afrikaans)
Filipsoyggjar (C,U,Faroese)
Filipuäns (C,U,Volapük)
Fülöp-szigetek (C,U,Magyar (Hungarian))
i-Philippines (C,U,Zulu)
Las Islas Felipenas (C,U)
Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha (C,U,Irish Gaelic)
Nfilipi (C,U,Luba-Katanga)
Orílẹ́ède filipini (C,U,Yoruba)
Philipinau (C,U,Welsh)
Phi-lip-pin (C,U,Vietnamese)
Philippinae (C,U,Latin)
Philippinas (C,U,Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association))
Philippinnen (C,U,Luxembourgish)
Phi-líp-pin (Phi Luật Tân) (C,U,Vietnamese)
República de las Filipinas (C,U)
República de las Islas Filipinas (C,U)
Y Philipinau (C,U,Welsh)
பிலிப்பைன்ஸ் (C,U,Tamil)
Филипини (C,U,Serbian)
Филипини (Macedonian)
Филипини (Bulgarian)
ফিলিপাইন (C,U,Bengali)
ಫಿಲಿಪ್ಪೀನ್ಸ್ (C,U,Kannada)
ហ្វ៉ីលីពីន (C,U,Khmer)
Філіппіни (C,U,Ukrainian)
Φιλιππίνες (C,U,Greek)
フィリピン (C,U,Japanese)
الفلبين (C,U,Arabic)
ฟิลิปปินส์ (C,U,Thai)
ፊሊፒንስ (C,U,Tigrinya)
ፊሊፒንስ (Amharic)
फिलिपिन्स (C,U,Marathi)
फिलिपिन्स (Nepali)
فیلیپین (C,U,Persian-Farsi)
פיליפינים (C,U,Hebrew )
Ֆիլիպիններ (C,U,Armenian)
필리핀 (C,U,Korean)
الفيلبين (C,U,Arabic)
فىلىپپىن (C,U,Uyghur)
फिलीपिंस (C,U,Hindi)
פיליפינען (C,U,Yiddish)
ფილიპინები (C,U,Georgian)
ຟິລິປິນ (C,U,Lao)
Філіпіны (C,U,Belarusian)
ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์ (C,U,Thai)
ফিলিপিন্স (C,U,Bengali)
ಫಿಲಿಫೈನ್ಸ್ (C,U,Kannada)
ဖိလစ်ပိုင် (C,U,Burmese)
ફિલિપિન્સ (C,U,Gujarati)
Філіпіни (C,U,Ukrainian)
පිලිපීනය (C,U,Sinhala)
फिलिपींस (C,U,Hindi)
ཕི་ལི་པིནས྄། (C,U,Tibetan)
फिलीपिन्स (C,U,Marathi)
ଫିଲିପାଇନସ୍ (C,U,Odia)
ഫിലിപ്പൈന്‍സ് (C,U,Malayalam)
ఫిలి పైన్స్ (C,U,Telugu)
フィリピン共和国 (C,U,Japanese)
فلیپین (C,U,Kurdish)
فلپائنی (C,U,Urdu)
Commonwealth of the Philippines (H,O)  ............ 1935, through World War II

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Asia (continent)  ....  Asia (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Pilipinas (nation)  ........  Pilipinas (nation) (P)

Additional Parents:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Malay Archipelago (islands)  ....  Malay Archipelago (islands) (P)
Hierarchy of Pilipinas (nation)  ........  Pilipinas (nation)
 
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Asia (continent)  ....  Asia (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Southeast Asia (general region)  ........  Southeast Asia (general region) (P)
Hierarchy of Pilipinas (nation)  ............  Pilipinas (nation)
 
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (association)  ....  Association of Southeast Asian Nations (association) (P,U)
Hierarchy of Pilipinas (nation)  ........  Pilipinas (nation) (P)

Place Types:
nation (preferred, C)  ............  established July 4, 1946
primary political unit (C)
independent sovereign nation (C)
republic (C)
commonwealth (H)  ............  established October 15, 1935
controlled region (H)  ............  Spanish, 16th to mid-18th cen.; British, 1762-early 19th cen.; Spanish, 19th cen.; American, 1898-1946; Japanese, May 1942-October 1944
independent political entity (C)

Related geographic places:
capital is ....  Manila .......... (inhabited place)
..................  (World, Asia, Pilipinas, Manila) [7003706]
member of ....  United Nations .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029605]
................  joined organization in 1945

Sources and Contributors:
Филиппины..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
....................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
Республика Филиппины..........  [VP]
...................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
菲律宾..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
...........  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
菲律宾共和国..........  [VP]
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
ا فًبَين..........  [VP]
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
جُهور ةً ا فًبَين..........  [VP]
................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
הפיליפינים..........  [IMJ, VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.......................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Филипини..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ফিলিপাইন..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ಫಿಲಿಪ್ಪೀನ್ಸ್..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ហ្វ៉ីលីពីន..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Філіппіни..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Φιλιππίνες..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
フィリピン..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
الفلبين..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ฟิลิปปินส์..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ፊሊፒንስ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
फिलिपिन्स..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
فیلیپین..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
פיליפינים..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Ֆիլիպիններ..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
필리핀..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
الفيلبين..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
فىلىپپىن..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
फिलीपिंस..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
פיליפינען..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ფილიპინები..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ຟິລິປິນ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Філіпіны..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ফিলিপিন্স..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ಫಿಲಿಫೈನ್ಸ್..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ဖိလစ်ပိုင်..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ફિલિપિન્સ..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Філіпіни..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
පිලිපීනය..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
फिलिपींस..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ཕི་ལི་པིནས྄།..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
फिलीपिन्स..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ଫିଲିପାଇନସ୍..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ഫിലിപ്പൈന്‍സ്..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
ఫిలి పైన్స్..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
フィリピン共和国..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
فلیپین..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
فلپائنی..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Amazinga ya Filipine..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Bizinga bya Firipino..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Commonwealth of the Philippines..........  [VP]
.....................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.....................................................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 949-950
Felipines..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filibiin..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipaina..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipaini..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipiene..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipiin..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipiinid..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipijnen..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filîpîn..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipin..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinɛ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipina..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinai..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinak..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinas..........  [VP]
....................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 921
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
....................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 74
Filipīnas..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinas - Pilipinas..........  [VP]
......................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipine..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinen..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipines..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinet..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinez..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipini..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipîni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipini nutome..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinler..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinler Cumhuriyeti..........  [VP]
.........................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipino..........  [VP]
.................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014) accessed 18 January 2008
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.................  Grove Art Online (2003-2008) "Ocampo, Manuel;" accessed 17 January 2008
.................  Oxford English Dictionary [online] (2002-) accessed 17 January 2008
Filipinoj..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipiny..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipíny..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipinys..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippiinit..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippiinnat..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippijnen..........  [VP]
.......................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) II, 225
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippinane..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippinas..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippine..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippinene..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippinerna..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippinerne..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippini..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippseyjar..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filippyne..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipsoyggjar..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Filipuäns..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Fülöp-szigetek..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
i-Philippines..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Islas Filipinas..........  [FDA, VP]
.............................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 949-950
ISO608..........  [VP]
.................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
Las Islas Felipenas..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha..........  [VP]
............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Nfilipi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Orílẹ́ède filipini..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
PH..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
Philipinau..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Phi-lip-pin..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Philippinae..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Philippinas..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Philippine..........  [VP]
.......................  Oxford English Dictionary [online] (2002-) accessed 17 January 2008
.......................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 29
.......................  UNTERM [online] (2007-) accessed 18 January 2008
Philippine Islands..........  [FDA, VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
...................................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
...................................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 949-950
Philippinen..........  [VP]
.......................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1274
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Philippines..........  [BHA, FDA, IMJ Preferred, VP]
.......................  Asia-Pacific, National Geographic (1989) map supplement
.......................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
.......................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) 25:547
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.......................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.......................  National Archives and Record Administration database (1987-)
.......................  Times Atlas of the World (1985) plate 19
.......................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-75
.......................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 74
.......................  UNGEGN List of Country Names (2007) accessed 22 July 2009
.......................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
Philippinnen..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Phi-líp-pin (Phi Luật Tân)..........  [VP]
...............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
PHL..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Handbook (1988) 770
Pilipinas..........  [VP Preferred]
....................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 692
....................  CIA, World Fact Book (1995)
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
República de Filipinas..........  [FDA, VP]
.........................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.........................................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 949-950
República de las Filipinas..........  [VP]
...............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
República de las Islas Filipinas..........  [VP]
.....................................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Republic of the Philippines..........  [FDA, VP]
...............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
...............................................  ISO Handbook (1988) 770
...............................................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
...............................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
...............................................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
Republika ng Pilipinas..........  [FDA, VP]
.........................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 693
.........................................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) II, 734
.........................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
.........................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
Republika ñg Pilipinas..........  [VP]
.........................................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) XXV, 547 ff.
République des Philippines..........  [VP]
...............................................  UNGEGN List of Country Names (2007) accessed 22 July 2009
RP..........  [VP]
...........  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) 69
Y Philipinau..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
Subject: .....  [BHA, FDA, IMJ, VP]
..................  Asia-Pacific, National Geographic (1989) map supplement
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 693
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 692
..................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) II, 734
..................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1274
..................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 921
..................  CIA, World Fact Book (1995)
..................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
..................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) XXV, 547; XXV, 547 ff.; 25:547
..................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014) accessed 18 January 2008
..................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) II, 225
..................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 1694008
..................  Grove Art Online (2003-2008) "Ocampo, Manuel;" accessed 17 January 2008
..................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
..................  ISO Handbook (1988) 770
..................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..................  National Archives and Record Administration database (1987-)
..................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
..................  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) 69
..................  Oxford English Dictionary [online] (2002-) accessed 17 January 2008
..................  Times Atlas of the World (1985) plate 19
..................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-75
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 74
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 29
..................  UNTERM [online] (2007-) accessed 18 January 2008
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 949-950
..................  Wikipedia (2000-) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
..........  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1985)

 

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