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tiǎowò (<spanning and projecting structural elements>, structural elements, ... Components (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Meaning literally to prop and rotate (Kroll 2015 453, 479), the term tiao‘wo, as most scholars believe, is a noun that refers to a component in the timber frame structure, used in the interior of a building with an open-frame roof structure (cheshang mingzao 徹上明造; i.e. without a ceiling). Tiao'wo appears in the Yingzao fashi (1103) four times (YZFS 2009, 1.8a, 4.6a, 6.9b, 18.7a). There are two types of tiao'wo. (1) As a part of a component, tiao'wo refers to the upward end of a xia'ang in a bujian puzuo. This kind of tiaowo is also called angwei tiaowo 昂尾挑斡 by some scholars. Sometimes it can also refer to the upward end of a shuatou. (2) As a separate component, tiaowo refers to an oblique element without pointed shape, a particular form of xia'ang. Some scholars believe this is the angting tiaowo mentioned in Yingzao fashi (Zhu 2018).
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| Terms: |
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| tiǎowò (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,U)
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| tiǎowò (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin),D,U)
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| t'iao-wo (C,V,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),UF,U)
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| 挑斡 (C,V,Chinese (traditional),UF,U)
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| tiaowo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones),UF,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.PJ |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Components (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ components (objects parts) (G) |
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............ <components by specific context> (G) |
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................ architectural elements (G) |
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.................... <structural elements and components for structural elements> (G) |
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........................ structural elements (G) |
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............................ <spanning and projecting structural elements> (G) |
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................................ tiǎowò (G,U) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 《營造法式》（1103）中出現四處“挑斡”（李 2009，1.8a，4.6a，6.9b，18.7a），但挑斡一詞並非僅見於《營造法式》。目前最通常的觀點是《營造法式》中的“挑斡”是構件名稱，並有兩種看法：（1）指補間鋪作下昂的後尾，用於徹上明造建築的室內；（2）或是不出昂尖的斜向構件，是特殊的下昂，有學者認爲這即是《營造法式》提及的“昂桯挑斡”（朱 2018）。 |
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