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ID: 300055806
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300055806

 

Record Type: concept
civilization (culture-related concepts, <culture and related concepts>, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Generally, a relatively high level of cultural and technological development in human society. Specifically, the stage of cultural development at which writing and the keeping of written records is attained.
 
Terms:
civilization (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,N)
civilisation (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
文明 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
wén míng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
wen ming (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),UF,U,U)
wen ming (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
beschaving (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
civilización (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  B.BM

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Associated Concepts Facet
Associated Concepts Facet
Hierarchy of Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)
.... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <culture and related concepts>
........ <culture and related concepts> (G)
Hierarchy of culture-related concepts
............ culture-related concepts (G)
Hierarchy of civilization
................ civilization (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 泛指人類社會中,高水平的文化及科技發展。具體是指始有書寫和文字記載的文化發展。 
Dutch ..... In het algemeen een relatief hoog niveau van culturele en technologische ontwikkeling in de menselijke samenleving. In specifieke zin heeft deze term betrekking op het stadium van de culturele ontwikkeling waarin geschriften ontstaan en geschreven archieven worden bijgehouden. 
Spanish ..... Generalmente, un alto nivel del desarrollo cultural y tecnológico en una sociedad humana. Específicamente, la etapa del desarrollo cultural en la cual la escritura, el registro y conservación de expedientes escritos es logrado. 

Sources and Contributors:
文明............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  國立編譯館學術名詞資訊網 October 23, 2009
...........  朗文當代大辭典 p. 302
...........  牛津當代大辭典 p. 313
beschaving............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
civilisation............  [VP]
.......................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
civilización............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
.......................  Moliner, Diccionario de uso del español (2004) I:640
.......................  Nuevo Espasa Ilustrado 2000, Diccionario Enciclopédico (1999)
civilization............  [VP Preferred]
.......................  Avery Index (1963-)
.......................  BHA Subject Headings (1985-)
.......................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.......................  Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary [online] (1997-2002)
.......................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.......................  Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976)
wen ming............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
wén míng............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Merriam-Webster Dictionary [online] (2008-)
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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