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pǔpāifāng (lintels (spanning elements), <spanning and projecting structural elements>, ... Components (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Pupaifang is a long, horizontal architectural element placed on top of the pillar top tie beam (lan’e 闌額) atop which the dougong 斗栱 are located. The term pupaifang is found in the chapters on pingzuo 平坐 (lit. “leveling seat”) and xiaomuzuo 小木作 (lit. “small woodwork”) in the Yingzao fashi (1103). In extant buildings, however, pupaifang were not limited to use in pingzuo and xiaomuzuo. Based on information in other textual records, it is presumed that the use of the term pupaifang in the Yingzao fashi may have come from a transcription of the craftsmen's spoken language (Fang 1894, 2.14b; Guo 2003, 12). In the Qing dynasty, the term pingbanfang 平板枋 was used instead of pupaifang. Currently, architectural historians use this term when describing buildings from the Liao and Song through Ming dynasties (907-1644).
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| Terms: |
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| pǔpāifāng (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,L,B)
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| pǔpāifāng (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin)-P,D,U)
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| universal capping beam (C,U,English,UF,T,B)
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| 普拍方 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),AD,U,B)
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| 普拍方 (Chinese,D,U)
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| 楣 (C,V,Chinese (traditional),D,U)
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| mei (C,V,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin),D,U)
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| pupaifang (C,V,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones),D,U)
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| p'u-p'ai-fang (C,V,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),D,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.PJ |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Components (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ components (objects parts) (G) |
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............ <components by specific context> (G) |
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................ architectural elements (G) |
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.................... <structural elements and components for structural elements> (G) |
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........................ structural elements (G) |
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............................ <spanning and projecting structural elements> (G) |
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................................ lintels (spanning elements) (G) |
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.................................... pǔpāifāng (G,U) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 普拍方作為建築術語，主要見於《營造法式》（1103）關於平坐和小木作的文字，但在實例中普拍方不僅用于平坐和小木作。普拍方從遼金時期開始有普遍應用（張 2011）。 普拍方是置於闌額之上，承接斗栱的橫長建築構件。普拍方作為建築術語，主要見於《營造法式》（1103）關於平坐和小木作的文字，但在實例中普拍方不僅用于平坐和小木作。西安興教寺玄奘塔(磚塔仿木，669建，882重建)被認為是出現普拍方形象的最早實例。已知最早使用普拍方的現存木構建築為山西平順大雲院彌陀��（940）。普拍方從遼金時期開始有普遍應用（張 2011）。學者也普遍同意普拍方等同於清《工程做法》中的平板枋。當代建築史學者用此類術語描述遼宋至明代 (907-1644) 建築物。 |
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