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ID: 300005947
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300005947

 

Record Type: concept
sarcophagi (coffins) (coffins, funerary containers, ... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Coffins made of stone or terracotta, generally ornamented with sculpture or carving and of a size large enough to contain the entire body. Antique examples were often extensively decorated with relief sculpture, which were highly influential on Renaissance artists. Many sarcophagi were also produced in the Baroque and Neoclassical eras. Pliny explains that the derivation of the word ("flesh eating" in Greek) refers specifically to coffins of limestone from the Troad (the region around Troy), which was believed to cause rapid dissolving of the body; more probably, the term refers to various religious and folkloristic ideas that resulted in calling any coffin a body eater. The word came into general use as the name for any large stone coffin in imperial Rome, and is now generally used to refer to large, ornate stone coffins from any period or place.
 
Terms:
sarcophagi (coffins) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,PN)
sarcophagus (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
sarcophaguses (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
توابيت حجرية (C,U,Arabic -P,D,U,U)
sarcofagen (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
sarcofaag (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
sarcophages (C,U,French-P,D,U,PN)
sarcophage (C,U,French,AD,U,SN)
Sarkophag (C,V,German-P,D,SN)
Sarkophage (C,V,German,AD,PN)
sarkophagos (C,U,Greek (transliterated),UF,U,U)
sarcofagi (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,PN)
sarcofago (C,U,Italian,AD,U,SN)
sarkofag (C,U,Norwegian (Bokmål)-P,AD,U,SN)
sarkofag (Norwegian (Nynorsk)-P,AD,U,SN)
sarcófagos (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
sarcófagos (Portuguese-P,D,U,PN)
sasrcófago (C,U,Portuguese,AD,U,SN)
sarcófago (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
tumba con figura yacente (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,N)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  V.TQ

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Objects Facet
Objects Facet
Hierarchy of Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name)
.... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of Containers (hierarchy name)
........ Containers (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of containers (receptacles)
............ containers (receptacles) (G)
Hierarchy of <containers by function or context>
................ <containers by function or context> (G)
Hierarchy of ceremonial containers
.................... ceremonial containers (G)
Hierarchy of funerary containers
........................ funerary containers (G)
Hierarchy of coffins
............................ coffins (G)
Hierarchy of sarcophagi (coffins)
................................ sarcophagi (coffins) (G)

Additional Notes:
Arabic ..... توابيت مصنوعة من الحجر أو الطين، ومزينة بشكل عام بالنحت أو النحت، وحجمها كبير بما يكفي لاحتواء الجسم بأكمله. غالبًا ما كانت الأمثلة العتيقة مزينة على نطاق واسع بالمنحوتات البارزة، والتي كان لها تأثير كبير على فناني عصر النهضة. تم أيضًا إنتاج العديد من التوابيت في العصرين الباروكي والكلاسيكي الحديث. يوضح بليني أن اشتقاق كلمة ("أكل اللحم" في اليونانية) يشير على وجه التحديد إلى توابيت من الحجر الجيري من طروادة (المنطقة المحيطة بطروادة)، والتي كان يعتقد أنها تسبب الذوبان السريع للجسم؛ على الأرجح، يشير المصطلح إلى أفكار دينية وفلكلورية مختلفة أدت إلى تسمية أي نعش بأنه آكل الجسد. دخلت الكلمة حيز الاستخدام العام كاسم لأي تابوت حجري كبير في روما الإمبراطورية، وتستخدم الآن بشكل عام للإشارة إلى التوابيت الحجرية الكبيرة المزخرفة من أي فترة أو مكان. 
Dutch ..... Stenen doodisten, vaak versierd met beeldhouwwerk en meestal bijgezet in een kerk, gewelf of tombe. 
French ..... Cuve destinée à recevoir un ou plusieurs corps. Fermé d'un couvercle qui a parfois disparu, le sarcophage est en pierre, en terre cuite ou en plâtre. Il comporte parfois un décor sculpté. 
German ..... Sarg, aus Stein oder Terracotta hergestellt, in der Regel mit Friesarbeiten oder Schnitzereien versehen und im Ausmaß groß genug, um einen kompletten Körper zu enthalten. Antike Exemplare waren zumeist mit Reliefskulpturen dekoriert, die sehr einflußreich auf Renaissance-Künstler gewirkt haben. Viele Sarkophage wurden auch zur Zeit des Barocks oder des Neoklassizismus hergestellt. Plinius erklärte, dass die Abstammung des Wortes (griechisch "fleischverzehrend") sich speziell auf Särge aus Kalkstein aus Troad (der Region rund um Troja) bezieht, von dem man glaubte, dass er ein schnelles Verwesen des Körpers verursacht. Eher wahrscheinlich ist jedoch, dass der Begriff auf verschiedene religiöse und volkstümliche Ideen zurück geht, die jeden Sarg als Fleischfresser bezeichneten. Der Begriff verbreitete sich als Name für jegliche Art von großen Steinsärgen im kaiserzeitlichen Rom und wird heute im allgemeinen dazu benutzt, große, ornamentierte Steinsärge jeglicher historischer Periode und jeglicher Herkunftsregion zu benennen. 
Italian ..... Arca sepolcrale destinata a ricevere uno o più defunti. Chiusa da un coperchio, spesso rimosso, è in pietra, terracotta o gesso e talora presenta una decorazione scolpita. 
Portuguese ..... Caixões de pedra ou terracota, geralmente ornamentados com esculturas ou entalhes e de tamanho grande o suficiente para conter o corpo inteiro. Os exemplos antigos costumavam ser amplamente decorados com esculturas em relevo, que tiveram grande influência nos artistas renascentistas. Muitos sarcófagos também foram produzidos nas eras barroca e neoclássica. Plínio explica que a derivação da palavra ("comedor de carne" em grego) se refere especificamente a caixões de calcário de Troad (a região ao redor de Tróia), que se acreditava causar a rápida dissolução do corpo; mais provavelmente, o termo se refere a várias idéias religiosas e folclóricas que resultaram em chamar qualquer caixão de comedor de corpos. A palavra entrou em uso geral como o nome de qualquer grande caixão de pedra na Roma imperial, e agora é geralmente usada para se referir a grandes caixões de pedra ornamentados de qualquer período ou lugar. 
Spanish ..... Féretros hechos de piedra o arcilla, a menudo decorados con esculturas, y generalmente ubicados en una iglesia, cripta o tumba.  

Related concepts:
conjuncted with ....  sarcophagus altars
............................  (sepulchral monuments, funerary structures, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300395578]

Sources and Contributors:
توابيت حجرية............  [IDEA Preferred]
.......................  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
sarcofaag............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
....................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
....................  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
sarcofagen............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
sarcofagi............  [VP]
....................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcófago............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
....................  Instituto Colombiano de Cultura, Bienes Culturales Muebles - Manual para Inventario (1991) 147
....................  Meyer, Manual de Ornamentación (2004) 761
....................  Oxford-Duden Pictorial Spanish and English Dictionary (1995)
....................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
sarcofago............  [ICCD Preferred, VP]
....................  ICCD database (1988-)
sarcófagos............  [CVAA-BR Preferred, VP]
.......................  Almeida, Archaeological Data, Ophiussa (2018) 176
.......................  CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-)
.......................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcophage............  [AASLH, CHIN / RCIP, VP]
.......................  AASLH data (2016-)
.......................  Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 90
.......................  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.......................  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/12999; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.......................  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 12999
sarcophages............  [VP]
.......................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcophagi (coffins)............  [CDBP-SNPC, GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
...................................  AATA database (2002-) 128504 checked 26 January 2012
...................................  Avery Index (1963-)
...................................  BHA Subject Headings (1985-)
...................................  Brilliant, Roman Art (1974) illustration, 89, illus. p. 96
...................................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
...................................  Contributed as a candidate term Candidate term - MCGILL - 10/20/92.
...................................  Dinsmoor, Architecture of Ancient Greece (1975) 144
...................................  Grove Art Online (2008-)
...................................  Haggar, Concise Encyclopedia of Continental Pottery (1960)
...................................  Kurtz and Boardman, Greek Burial Customs (1971) IND
...................................  Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts (1975) illustration
...................................  Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
...................................  Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
...................................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
...................................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
...................................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
sarcophagus............  [AASLH Preferred, CHIN / RCIP Preferred, VP]
.......................  AASLH data (2016-)
.......................  Boethius, Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture (1978) GLOS
.......................  Chenhall, Revised Nomenclature (1988)
.......................  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.......................  Contributed as a candidate term Candidate term - CCA - 07/21/92.
.......................  Harris, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975) 423
.......................  New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967-1979) illustration
.......................  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/12999; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.......................  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 12999
.......................  Ward-Perkins, Roman Imperial Architecture (1985) GLOS
.......................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
sarcophaguses............  [VP]
..........................  Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
..........................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
sarkofag............  [NASJON Preferred]
.................  Norwegian National Museum of Art database (2021-)
Sarkophag............  [IfM-SMB-PK Preferred]
....................  Duden [online] (2011-) https://www.duden.de/node/649530/revisions/1239361/view
....................  GND - Gemeinsame Normdatei http://d-nb.info/gnd/4051698-2
....................  Großes Lexikon der Bestattungs- und Friedhofskultur Teil: 2., Archäologisch-kunstgeschichtlicher Teil (2005) 318
....................  Lexikon für kirchliches Kunstgut. 2010 208
Sarkophage............  [IfM-SMB-PK]
.......................  Duden [online] (2011-) https://www.duden.de/node/649530/revisions/1239361/view
sarkophagos............  [VP]
.......................  Grove Art Online (2008-)
sasrcófago............  [CVAA-BR]
.......................  CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-)
tumba con figura yacente............  [CDBP-SNPC, VP]
.........................................  Oxford-Duden Pictorial Spanish and English Dictionary (1995)
.........................................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
 
Subject: .....  [AASLH, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, CVAA-BR, GCI, ICCD, IDEA, IfM-SMB-PK, NASJON, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AASLH data (2016-)
............  AATA database (2002-) 128504 checked 26 January 2012
............  Avery Index (1963-) precoor.; Sarcophagi--Early Christian
............  Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 90
............  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
............  CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-)
............  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
............  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/12999; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
............  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-)
............  Norwegian National Museum of Art database (2021-) aeedcea4-d5ae-4cdd-92f7-300c02b63fd8
............  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Roman sarcophagi; Medieval sarcophagi; Byzantine sarcophagi; Romanesque sarcophagi; Visigothic sarcophagi; Carolingian sarcophagi; Merovingian sarcophagi; Late Antique sarcophagi; Early Christian sarcophagi
............  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Catholic Encyclopedia [online] (2003-)
.......... Grove Art Online (2008-)
Arabic .......... [IDEA, VP]
.......... IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
French .......... [VP]
.......... Thesaurus del corredo ecclesiastico [online] (1999)
German .......... [IfM-SMB-PK]
.......... IfM Berlin
Italian .......... [VP]
.......... Thesaurus del corredo ecclesiastico [online] (1999)
Portuguese .......... [CVAA-BR]
.......... CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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