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vermilion (pigment) (inorganic red pigment, red pigment, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Synthetic pigment composed of red mercuric sulfide, chemically the same as the natural mineral cinnabar. There are two methods for preparing vermilion, a dry-process and a wet-process. The dry-process method, adding mercury to molten sulfur, was invented by the Chinese then imported to Europe ca. 8th century, seemingly via the Islamic world. The wet-process method, placing the ground black mercuric sulfide isomorph into a solution of ammonium sulfide or potassium sulfide, was developed in the late 17th century in Germany. Vermilion is a dense pigment with excellent hiding power, used in oil, watercolor, egg tempera, and fresco paintings. When exposed to ultraviolet light and oxygen, or chloride ions, vermilion can change from its normal red crystalline form to gray or black, resulting in dark discolorations.
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| Terms: |
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| vermilion (pigment) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,N)
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| vermilion pigment (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| vermilion red (pigment) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| vermillion (pigment) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| vermiculus (pigment) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| 朱砂 (顏料) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 辰砂 (顏料) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 硃砂 (顏料) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 紅丹 (朱砂) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 銀硃 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| zhū shā (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| zhu sha (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| chu sha (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| vermiljoen (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| vermillon (pigment) (C,U,French-P,D,U,N)
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| Vermilion (pigment) (C,U,German-P,D,U,N)
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| vermiglio (pigment) (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,N)
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| shu (pigment) (C,U,Japanese (transliterated)-P,D,U,N)
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| vermellon (pigment) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,N)
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| bermellón (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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| sulfuro de mercurio rojo (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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| dmar po (C,U,Tibetan (transliterated)-P,D,U,N)
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| minium (historical, vermilion) (H,U,English,UF,U,N)
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............ | historically used for cinnabar and vermilion |
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by function> (G) |
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................ colorant (material) (G) |
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.................... pigments (G) |
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........................ <pigment by color> (G) |
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............................ red pigment (G) |
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................................ inorganic red pigment (G) |
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.................................... vermilion (pigment) (G) |
Additional Parents:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by composition> (G) |
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................ inorganic material (G) |
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.................... mineral (G) |
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........................ vermilion (pigment) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 一種由紅硫化汞製成的合成顏料，化學成分與天然的辰砂礦物相同。有乾處理及濕處理兩種調製方法。乾處理法，是在熔化的硫中添加汞；為中國人所發明，似乎是通過伊斯蘭世界，在大約八世紀時傳入歐洲，濕處理法，則是將磨碎的黑硫化汞同構物加入硫化銨或硫化鉀溶液中，發明於十七世紀末的德國。性質密實，披覆力極佳，用於油畫、水彩畫、蛋彩畫與壁畫。當暴露於紫外線、氧氣或氯離子時，會由平常的紅色結晶形式變成灰色或黑色，導致暗化的色變。 |
| Dutch ..... Pigment bestaande uit kwiksulfiet, zowel het natuurlijke mineraal cinnaber als de kunstmatige verbinding. |
| Spanish ..... Pigmento compuesto de sulfuro de mercurio, que incluye cinabrio mineral natural y cinabrio obtenido artificialmente. |
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Related concepts: |
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| meaning/usage overlaps with .... |
Chinese red |
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(inorganic red pigment, red pigment, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300311451] |
| meaning/usage overlaps with .... |
cinnabar (pigment) |
| .................................................. |
(inorganic red pigment, red pigment, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300400883] |
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