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Betula (genus) (Betulaceae (family), Fagales (order), ... Living Organisms (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Genus of hardy, deciduous trees of the family Betulaceae, common to North America, Europe and Asia. Birch tress are readily distinguished by their white bark and diamond-shaped leaves. The lightweight bark contains natural waxes, oils, and tannins that make it tough, durable, and waterproof. Thin sheets of bark were commonly used for paper in Central Asia and the Far East. The water-impervious bark was used for wigwams, canoes, and shoes for Native Americans. Birch produces a strong, pale yellow-brown wood with a close, straight grain and uniform texture that finishes to a smooth surface. Dyes can also be obtained from various parts of birch trees. The leaves, usually gathered before they develop a mature green color, produce a yellow dye. The bark produces a pale brown color. The female catkins (a long shoot bearing flowers with no leaves) are boiled to produce a dull yellow color. Birch bark oil and birch beer are made from sap obtained from the trees. The sap allows birch bark to burn even when it is wet.
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| Terms: |
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| Betula (genus) (preferred,C,U,S,English-P,D,U,N)
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| Betula (genus) (Latin-P,D,U,N)
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| Betula (genus) (Dutch-P,D,U,N)
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| birch (genus) (C,U,C,English,AD,U,N)
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| 樺木屬 (屬) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 樺屬 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| huà mù shǔ (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| hua mu shu (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| hua mu shu (Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),UF,U,U)
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| birk (genus) (C,U,C,Danish,AD,U,U)
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| berk (genus) (C,U,C,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| bouleau (genus) (C,U,C,French,AD,U,N)
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| Birke (genus) (C,U,C,German,AD,U,U)
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| beulla (genus) (C,U,C,Italian,AD,U,U)
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| bjørk (genus) (C,U,C,Norwegian (Nynorsk),AD,U,U)
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| brzoza (genus) (C,U,C,Polish,AD,U,U)
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| betula (genus) (C,U,C,Portuguese,AD,U,U)
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| abedul (genus) (C,U,C,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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| björk (genus) (C,U,C,Swedish,AD,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: H.HL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Agents Facet |
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.... Living Organisms (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ living organisms (entities) (G) |
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............ Eukaryota (domain) (G) |
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................ Plantae (kingdom) (G) |
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.................... Angiospermae (division) (G) |
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........................ Magnoliopsida (class) (G) |
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............................ Rosanae (superorder) (G) |
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................................ Fagales (order) (G) |
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.................................... Betulaceae (family) (G) |
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........................................ Betula (genus) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 樺木科落葉喬木，木材堅硬，常見於北美洲、歐洲與亞洲一帶。具獨特的白色樹皮與菱狀樹葉，因而十分好辨識。樹皮輕盈，內含天然樹蠟、油脂與單寧，故堅固、耐用、防水。過去中亞與遠東一帶普遍用樺樹樹皮薄片作書寫紙張。美洲原住民則利用樹皮得防水特性，製作棚屋、獨木舟、鞋子等。樺樹木材強韌，淡黃褐色澤，木紋密實筆直，質地均勻平滑。可從幾個不同的部位提煉染料。樹葉可製作一種黃色染料，多在轉成深綠之前被摘取；樹皮可提煉出淡褐色染料。雌性葇荑花序（只開花不發葉的長枝）在滾煮後能產生一種暗黃色的染料。樺樹皮樹油與樺木啤酒由樺樹樹液製造而成。這些樹液使樺樹皮在潮濕的狀態仍可著火燃燒。 |
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Related concepts: |
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| source for .... |
betulin |
| .................. |
(resin (organic material), organic material, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300380221] |
| source for .... |
birch (wood) |
| .................. |
(hardwood, <wood by composition or origin>, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300011973] |
| source for .... |
birch bark (plant material) |
| .................. |
(bark (plant material), plant material, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300379355] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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