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ID: 300006894
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300006894
 
Record Type: concept
fortresses (fortifications (built environment), <single built works by function>, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Large, permanent, heavily fortified, defensive military positions, sometimes including a town. Larger and stronger than "forts."
 
Terms:
fortresses (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)
fortress (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
strongholds (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
قلعة (C,U,Arabic -P,D,U,U)
要塞 (防禦工事) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
堡壘 (要塞) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
城堡 (要塞) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
yào sāi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
yao sai (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
yao sai (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
vestingen (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
vesting (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
forteresse (C,U,French-P,AD,U,FSN)
fortalezas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
fortaleza (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  V.RK

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of Objects Facet
 Objects Facet
Hierarchy of Built Environment (hierarchy name)
 .... Built Environment (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of Single Built Works (hierarchy name)
 ........ Single Built Works (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of single built works (built environment)
 ............ single built works (built environment) (G)
Hierarchy of <single built works by specific type>
 ................ <single built works by specific type> (G)
Hierarchy of <single built works by function>
 .................... <single built works by function> (G)
Hierarchy of fortifications (built environment)
 ........................ fortifications (built environment) (G)
Hierarchy of fortresses
 ............................ fortresses (G)

Additional Notes:
Arabic ..... مواقع عسكرية دفاعية كبيرة ودائمة ومحصنة بشدة، بما في ذلك بلدة في بعض الأحيان. أكبر وأقوى من "الحصون". 
Chinese (traditional) ..... 永久設立之大型防禦性軍事據點，經特別強固，部份會包含城鎮。較「堡壘（forts）」更大及堅固。 
Dutch ..... Grote, permanente, zwaarversterkte militaire verdedigingsposities, soms met een stad erbij. Groter en sterker dan 'vestingwerken'. 
Spanish ..... Úsese para designar una posición militar defensiva grande, permanente, fuertemente fortificada, que a veces incluye una ciudad. Más grandes que "fuerte". 

Related concepts:
distinguished from ....  forts
..................................  (fortifications (built environment), <single built works by function>, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300006909]

Sources and Contributors:
要塞 (防禦工事)............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
....................  建築學英漢辭典 163
....................  智慧藏百科全書網 September 30, 2012
....................  朗文當代大辭典 676
....................  牛津當代大辭典 688
堡壘 (要塞)............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  建築學英漢辭典 163
.................  朗文當代大辭典 676
城堡 (要塞)............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
قلعة............  [IDEA Preferred]
...........  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
fortaleza............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
....................  Mumford, La Ciudad en la Historia (1966)
....................  Plazola Cisneros y Plazola Anguiano, Arquitectura Habitacional (1990)
fortalezas............  [CDBP-SNPC]
.......................  Comité, Plural del término en singular
forteresse............  [AASLH, CHIN / RCIP]
.......................  AASLH data (2016-)
.......................  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.......................  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/718; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.......................  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 718
fortress............  [AASLH Preferred, CHIN / RCIP Preferred, VP]
.................  AASLH data (2016-)
.................  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
.................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
.................  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/718; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
.................  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 718
fortresses............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.......................  AATA database (2002-) 123916 checked 26 January 2012
.......................  Adkins, Thesaurus of British Archaeology (1982) IND
.......................  BHA Subject Headings (1985-)
.......................  Canadian Thesaurus of Construction Science and Technology (1978)
.......................  Harris, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975)
.......................  Hogg, Fortress (1977) 8
.......................  Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.......................  Quick, Weapons and Military Terms (1973)
.......................  Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1993)
.......................  RCHME, Revised Thesaurus of Architectural Terms (1989)
.......................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
.......................  Roberts, Construction Industry Thesaurus (1976)
.......................  Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1901)
.......................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
strongholds............  [VP]
.......................  Harris, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975)
.......................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
vesting............  [AAT-Ned]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Kamps, Terminologie verdedigingswerken (1999)
.................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.................  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
vestingen............  [AAT-Ned Preferred]
....................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
....................  Kamps, Terminologie verdedigingswerken (1999)
....................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
....................  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
yao sai............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
yào sāi............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AASLH, AAT-Ned, AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, GCI, IDEA, VP]
............  AASLH data (2016-)
............  AATA database (2002-) 123916 checked 26 January 2012
............  CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-)
............  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
............  Kamps, Terminologie verdedigingswerken (1999)
............  Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/718; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects
............  Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-)
............  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) Fortresses, citadels
............  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) Military architecture
............  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
............  Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Arabic .......... [IDEA]
.......... IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Kamps, Terminologie verdedigingswerken (1999)
.......... Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......... Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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