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adobe (bricks material) (sun-dried brick, <brick by technique: drying process>, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Handmade, sun-dried brick typically made from wet mud and straw, sometimes also containing sand, clay, dung, grass, chaff, or blood. It is porous, wettable, susceptible to wet-dry cycle degradation, but good heat insulation. Adobe walls are typically built using mud mortar between the brick layers followed with a mud stucco finish layer. It was used as early as 7000 BCE for houses, buildings, and pyramids, particularly in arid climates such as Mesopotamia, Persia, Palestine, India, China, and the pre-Columbian Americas. For sun-dried brick that may or may contain the binders of adobe, use the more general "sun-dried brick."
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| Terms: |
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| adobe (bricks material) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,L,SN)
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............ | word 'adobe' has ancient origins; roots are traced from the Middle Egyptian, through Arabic, and Old Spanish |
| adobe (material) (Portuguese-P,D,SN)
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| adobe (materiale) (Spanish-P,D,U,MSN)
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| adobe (materiaal) (Dutch-P,D,L,SN)
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| adobe (matériau) (French-P,AD,U,MSN)
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| adobe brick (C,U,LC,English,UF,U,N)
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| adobe block (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| 土坯磚 (材料) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 土磚 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 乾泥磚 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 泥磚 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 土坯 (磚) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| tǔ pī zhuān (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| tu pi zhuan (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| t'u p'i chuan (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| xamitl (C,U,C,Classical Nahuatl-P,UF,B)
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............ | variant orthography |
| xamjtl (C,U,Classical Nahuatl,UF,B)
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............ | variant orthography |
| tlapepecholli (C,U,Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl,UF,B)
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............ | variant orthography, Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl |
| ladrillo sin cocer (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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| adobes (C,U,Spanish,UF,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by composition> (G) |
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................ inorganic material (G) |
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.................... clay (G) |
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........................ <clay by product> (G) |
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............................ brick (clay material) (G) |
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................................ <brick by technique> (G) |
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.................................... <brick by technique: drying process> (G) |
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........................................ sun-dried brick (G) |
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............................................ adobe (bricks material) (G,C) distinguished as a type of vs synonym, from 18th century |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 手工製的曬磚，一般以濕泥和稻草製成，部分亦含沙、黏土、畜糞、草、穀糠或血。多孔、沾水則溼，若反覆淋溼晒乾易崩解，但土磚具良好隔熱功能。土磚牆通常以泥灰沙漿砌入磚層間，之後再以灰泥粉飾表面。土磚早於西元前七千年就用於搭造房屋、建築物及金字塔，特別是在氣候乾旱地區，如美索不達米亞、波斯、巴勒斯坦、印度、中國及美洲大陸（特指哥倫布到達之前的時期）（pre-Columbian Americas）。不論是否含有土磚黏接材料的曬磚，可以「曬磚坯（sun-dried brick）」一詞泛稱。 |
| Dutch ..... Steen gemaakt van aarde of dergelijk binder en soms zand of stro, die niet is gebakken maar in de zon is gedroogd. |
| Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl ..... Xamitl tlen axcanah tlaixquintli ica tonatiuh, quipiya tlalli, zo ceyoc tlamantli tlen mohmotzquitoc huan quemmantzin tlachihualli ica xalli zo zacatl. |
| Portuguese ..... Tijolos feitos à mão, secos ao sol, tipicamente feitos de barro e palha molhados, às vezes também contendo areia, argila, esterco, grama, palha ou sangue. É poroso, molhável, suscetível à degradação do ciclo de secagem a seco, mas com bom isolamento térmico. As paredes da Adobe são normalmente construídas usando argamassa de lama entre as camadas de tijolo, seguida de uma camada de acabamento de estuque de lama. Foi usado já em 7000 AEC para casas, edifícios e pirâmides, particularmente em climas áridos como Mesopotâmia, Pérsia, Palestina, Índia, China e Américas pré-colombianas. Para tijolos secos ao sol que podem ou podem conter os aglutinantes de adobe, use o "tijolo seco ao sol" mais genérico. |
| Spanish ..... Ladrillo sin cocer secado por el sol que contiene tierra o un material de unión similar y a veces arena o paja. |
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Related concepts: |
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| distinguished from .... |
cob (clay mixture material) |
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(<clay by product>, clay, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300010735] |
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distinguished in modern usage |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| adobe (bricks material)............ |
[AASLH Preferred, AAT-Ned Preferred, CDBP-SNPC Preferred, CHIN / RCIP Preferred, CVAA-BR Preferred, GCI Preferred, GRI-FloCo Preferred, VP Preferred] |
| ......................................... |
AASLH data (2016-) |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| ......................................... |
AATA database (2002-) 120205 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Avery Index (1963-) (source AAT) - subhead. |
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CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-) |
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CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-) |
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Down to Earth (1983) 8 |
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Fleming et al., Penguin Dictionary of Architecture (1981) |
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GRI, FloCo terminology (2019-) |
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Hornbostel, Construction Materials (1978) |
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Morrow, Dictionary of Landscape Architecture (1987) |
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Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/50; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects |
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Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 50 |
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Putnam y Carlson, Diccionario de Arquitectura, Construcción y Obras Públicas (1998) 14 |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) |
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Smit, Means Illustrated Construction Dictionary (1985) |
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Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994) |
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Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
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Subject: ..... |
[AASLH, AAT-Ned, AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, CVAA-BR, GCI, GRI-FloCo, VP] |
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AASLH data (2016-) |
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AATA database (2002-) 120205 checked 26 January 2012 |
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CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-) |
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CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-) |
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GRI, FloCo terminology (2019-) |
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Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/50; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects |
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Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) Earth construction: Adobe |
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Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994) |
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