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cochineal (colorant) (<colorant for dye and pigment>, colorant (material), ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: A red natural transparent lake colorant that has poor lightfastness and fades in strong sunlight. It is prepared from the bodies of the female scale insect, Dactylopius coccus, native to Mexico, the Canary Islands, and Central and South America. Cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of Central and North America, adopted by Europeans. The pigments are extracted from the dried bodies of insects using water or alcohol. The substance contains about 10% carminic acid, 2% coccerin wax, and 10% fat: the crimson color of cochineal dye is attributed to cochinealin or carminic acid. Cochineal is also used in medicine as an antispasmodic.
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| Terms: |
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| cochineal (colorant) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,N)
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| 胭脂紅 (胭脂蟲酸) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 臙脂蟲 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 胭脂蟲紅 (胭脂蟲酸) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| yān zhī chóng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| yan zhi chong (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| yan chih ch'ung (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| cochenille (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| cochenille (French-P,D,U,U)
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| Cochenille (C,U,German-P,D,U,N)
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| Koschenille (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| Nopalschildlaus (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| kogchinili (C,U,Greek (transliterated)-P,D,U,U)
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| cocciniglia (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,N)
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| cochenill (C,U,Norwegian (Bokmål)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| cochenill (Norwegian (Nynorsk)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| cochonilha (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,U)
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| cochinilha (C,U,Portuguese,UF,U,U)
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| cochinilla (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,N)
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| zacatillo (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,N)
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| grana cochinilla (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,N)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by function> (G) |
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................ colorant (material) (G) |
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.................... <colorant for dye and pigment> (G) |
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........................ cochineal (colorant) (G) |
Additional Parents:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by function> (G) |
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................ colorant (material) (G) |
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.................... pigments (G) |
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........................ <pigment by production method> (G) |
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............................ lake (pigment) (G) |
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................................ cochineal (colorant) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 一種紅色的天然透明色澱顏料，耐光性差，於強烈日照下會褪色。由一種原生於墨西哥、加那利群島以及中、南美洲的胭脂蟲之雌性介殼蟲體所製成。胭脂紅（cochineal）染料曾被中美洲與北美洲的阿茲特克人與馬雅人所使用，後為歐洲人所採用，並且迅速取代胭脂紅（kermes）而成為主要的紅色染料。要萃取其色素，可從昆蟲乾燥的蟲體利用水或酒精萃取。其成分包含大約百分之十的胭脂蟲酸、百分之二的胭脂蟲蠟，以及百分之十的脂肪：胭脂紅染料的深紅色來自胭脂蟲酸。胭脂紅亦可用於醫療上作為鎮痙劑。 |
| Dutch ..... Een rode, natuurlijke organische kleurstof die ook wordt gebruikt als substraatpigment, verkregen uit de lichamen van de vrouwelijke schildluis Dactylopius coccus Costa (voorheen de coccus Cacti). Het belangrijkste kleurcomponent is karmijn. |
| Spanish ..... Colorante orgánico natural rojo utilizado como pigmento para laca y preparado a partir del cuerpo del insecto coco hembra, Dactylopius coccus Costa (antes Coccus cacti). Es el principal componente colorante del carmín. |
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Related concepts: |
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| composed of .... |
carminic acid |
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(acid, <materials by property>, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300380329] |
| constituent of .... |
carmine (lake) |
| .......................... |
(<colorant for dye and pigment>, colorant (material), ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300013587] |
| derived/made from .... |
Dactylopius coccus (species) |
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(Dactylopius (genus), Dactylopiidae (family), ... Living Organisms (hierarchy name)) [300311204] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| cochineal (colorant)............ |
[GCI Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AATA database (2002-) 122009 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 255 |
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Gettens and Stout, Painting Materials (1966) 110 |
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Harley, Artists' Pigments c.1600-1835 (1982) 136 |
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Mackie and Thompson, Turkmen (1980) 220 |
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Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 82 |
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MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online: CAMEO (2005-) |
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Personal Communication Elisabeth West Fitzhugh, Conservation scientist, ret., December 1991. |
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Rodee, Old Navajo Rugs (1981) 3 |
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