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ID: 300264880
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300264880

 

Record Type: concept
Liangzhu (Chinese Neolithic periods, Chinese prehistoric cultures and periods, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to a Neolithic Chinese culture and period active from ca. 3300 to 2250 BCE. The most notable Liangzhu artifacts consist of ritual jades; flat disks of varying sizes and segmented hollow columnar objects have been found in graves. The columnar jades feature angled corners worked with what are among the earliest representations of the human form in this part of the world. Later ritual manuals identify the objects as 'bi' (the flat disks) and 'cong' (the tubular objects) and explain their role in the worship of heaven and earth and as markers of hierarchical rank; although the jades were certainly bearers of meaning, the later texts may not be relevant to the Neolithic context.
 
Terms:
Liangzhu (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,U)
Liangzhu (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Liangzhu (Chinese (transliterated)-P,D,U,A)
Liangzhu (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Liang-chu (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
良渚文化 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
liáng zhǔ wén huà (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
liang zhu wen hua (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
liang chu wen hua (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
Zhejiang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated),UF,U,U)
Jiangsu (C,U,Chinese (transliterated),UF,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of East Asian
................ East Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Chinese (culture or style)
.................... Chinese (culture or style) (G)
Hierarchy of Chinese prehistoric cultures and periods
........................ Chinese prehistoric cultures and periods (G)
Hierarchy of Chinese Neolithic periods
............................ Chinese Neolithic periods (G)
Hierarchy of Liangzhu
................................ Liangzhu (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 介於西元前約3300年至西元前2250年的中國新石器文化。良渚文化最著名的文物為祭祀用玉器,墓穴中發現有各式大小的圓盤狀玉,以及中空柱狀玉。柱狀玉四周有角,部分方角裝飾成為最早的人形表現圖形。後來的儀式記載將圓盤玉稱作「璧」,將柱狀玉稱作「琮」,並說明兩者在祭祀天地時的功用,以及代表不同階級地位的象徵。儘管不同型制的玉有不同的涵義,後來的記載內容可能與新石器時代的使用情境無關。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar een neolithische Chinese cultuur en periode tussen circa 3300 en 2250 v. Chr. De opvallendste Liangzhu-artefacten zijn rituele voorwerpen van jade; in graven zijn platte schijven van uiteenlopende grootte en gesegmenteerde holle zuilvormige objecten aangetroffen. De zuilvormige jadeobjecten hebben scherpe hoeken met afbeeldingen van menselijke vormen, de vroegste voorbeelden in dit deel van de wereld. In handleidingen voor rituelen van latere datum worden de objecten omschreven als 'bi' (de platte schijven) en 'cong' (de zuilvormige objecten) en wordt hun rol toegelicht bij de aanbidding van hemel en aarde, en als hiërarchische rangaanduiding; de jade had ongetwijfeld een betekenisdragende functie, maar de latere teksten zijn misschien niet relevant voor de neolithische context. 
Spanish ..... Refiere a una cultura y a un período chinos neolíticos activos de ca. 3300 a 2250 d.C. Los artefactos más notables de Liangzhu consisten en los jades rituales; los discos planos de tamaños que variaban y de objetos huecos divididos en segmentos. 

Sources and Contributors:
良渚文化............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  中國大百科全書智慧藏網 February 22, 2012
...........  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 February 22, 2012
...........  故宮後設資料需求規格書 18
...........  漢英文物考古詞匯 4
Jiangsu............  [VP]
.................  Clunas, Art in China (1997) 17
Liang-chu............  [VP]
....................  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 7 Apr 2004
liang chu wen hua............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Liangzhu............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  AATA database (2002-) 125600 checked 26 January 2012
.................  Clunas, Art in China (1997) 17
.................  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 7 Apr 2004
.................  TAA database (2000-)
liang zhu wen hua............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
liáng zhǔ wén huà............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Zhejiang............  [VP]
.................  Clunas, Art in China (1997) 17
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AAT-Ned (1994-)
............  AATA database (2002-) 125600 checked 26 January 2012
............  Clunas, Art in China (1997) 17
............  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 7 Apr 2004
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Clunas, Art in China (1997) 16
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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