2. What Are Intellectual Property Rights?
Notes
1 Gilles Vercken, Practical Guide to Copyright for Multimedia Producers, EUR 16128 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996).
2 The entire text of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is available online at [http://www.law.cornell.edu/treaties/ berne/overview.html] (June 1998). The entire text of the Universal Copyright Convention is available online at [http://itl.irv.uit.no/trade_law/doc/WIPO. Universal.Copyright.Convention.Revision.1971.html] (June 1998).
3World Intellectual Property Organization [http://www.wipo.org/] (June 1998).
4 Robert Lind, "Institutional Trademarks," WestMuse, Western Museums Association Newsletter (Fall 1997): 8—9; 37.
5 John Perry Barlow, "The Economy of Ideas," Wired 2, no. 3 (1994): 84—90V. [http://www.hotwired.com/wired/2.03/features/economy.ideas.html] (1993).
6 U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8.
7 See Michael Shapiro, "Not Control, Progress," Museum News 76, no. 5 (September/October 1997): 37—38.
8 The general "rule" is the author’s lifetime plus seventy years after his or her death. There are some exceptions to this term. For specifics, see 17 U.S.C. §302—305.
9 17 U.S.C. §204(a).
10 For full details, see the Visual Artists Rights Act, 17 U.S.C. §101.
11 17 U.S.C. §107.
12 For more detailed and thoughtful analyses of fair use as it applies to cultural and educational organizations, see Christine Steiner, "The Double-Edged Sword: Museums and the Fair Use Doctrine," Museum News 76, no. 5 (September/ October 1997): 32—35, 47—48; Stephen Weil, "Not Use, Control," Museum News 76, no. 5 (September/October 1997): 36, 38, 41; Shapiro, "Not Control, Progress," 37—38; and Georgia Harper, "Fair Use," Copyright Crash Course [http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/IntellectualProperty/copypol2.htm#test?] (1997).