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ID: 7006366
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7006366

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of Poland (nation)  Poland (nation)

Coordinates:
Lat: 52 00 00 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 52.0000  decimal degrees
Long: 020 00 00 E  degrees minutes   Long: 20.0000  decimal degrees

Note: Poland is a republic of northeastern Europe, bordered on the east by Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, on the west by Germany, on the south by the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and on the north by the Baltic Sea. However, its boundaries have changed many times over the centuries. It was settled by Slavic tribes in the 2nd millennium BCE, and over time saw incursions by Ostrogoths, Slavs, Huns and Avars. Many small states formed in the 9th century, until a united in kingdom emerged in 1025. It was part of the Polish-Lithuanian empire in the 15 and 16th centuries. It was subsequently invaded in turn by Tartars, Ottomans and Russians. Its territory shrank as it was overrun and partitioned by various European powers between the 18th and 20th centuries. Following World War II, it was dominated by the USSR and had a Communist government, which collapsed in 1989, to be followed by a Western-style democracy. The official language is Polish.

Names:
Polska (preferred,C,V,Polish-P,U,N)
Polska (Northern Sami)
Rzeczpospolita Polska (C,V,O,Polish,U,N)
Polska Rzeczpospolita (C,V,Polish,U,N)
Poland (C,O,English-P,U,N)
Poland (Akan)
Poland (Scots)
Poland (Malay (macrolanguage))
Poland (Shona)
Poland (Swahili (generic))
Republic of Poland (C,O,English,U,N)
Pologne (C,O,French-P,U,N)
Pologne (Arpitan)
République de Pologne (C,O,French,U,N)
Polonia (C,O,Latin)
Polonia (Romanian)
Polonia (Spanish-P,U,N)
Polonia (Basque)
Polonia (Aragonese)
Polonia (Asturian)
Polonia (Albanian)
Polonia (Breton)
Polonia (Galician)
Polonia (Italian)
Polonia (Ligurian)
Polonia (Sardinian)
Polonia (Ido)
Polonia (Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association))
Polonia (Novial)
República de Polonia (C,O)
Polen (C,O,Danish)
Polen (Norwegian (Nynorsk))
Polen (Swedish)
Polen (German-P,U,N)
Polen (Low German)
Polen (Dutch)
Polen (Luxembourgish)
Polen (Norwegian (Bokmål))
Polen (Norwegian)
Polen (Northern Sami)
Польша (C,O,Chuvash)
Польша (Kazakh)
Польша (Russian-P,U)
Польша (Belarusian)
Республика Польша (C,O,Russian,U)
波兰 (C,O,Chinese-P,U)
波兰共和国 (C,O,Chinese,U)
بويًدا (C,O,Arabic-P,U)
جُهور ةً بويًدا (C,O,Arabic,U)
POL (C,O,ISO3L)
PL (C,O,ISO2L)
ISO616 (C,O,ISO3N)
Polish (C,O,English,U,A)
פולין (C,U,Hebrew )
Польшæ (C,U,Ossetian/Ossetic)
An Pholainn (C,U,Irish Gaelic)
A Phòlainn (C,U,Scots Gaelic)
Ba Lan (C,U,Vietnamese)
Booland (C,U,Somali)
Gwlad Pwyl (C,U,Welsh)
i-Poland (C,U,Zulu)
Lengyelország (C,U,Magyar (Hungarian))
Lenkija (C,U,Lithuanian)
Mpoloni (C,U,Luba-Katanga)
Orílẹ́ède Polandi (C,U,Yoruba)
Pholandi (C,U,North Ndebele)
Poalen (C,U,Western Frisian)
Polaland (C,U,Anglo-Saxon)
Polän (C,U,Volapük)
Polan (C,U,Hausa)
poland (C,U,Tagalog)
Polandi (C,U,Ganda (Ugandan language))
Polandi (Kikuyu)
Polandi (Swahili (generic))
Polandia (C,U,Ilocano)
Polandia (Indonesian)
Polandia (Javanese)
Poland nutome (C,U,Ewe)
Pole (C,U,Afrikaans)
Pole (Limburgan)
Poleni (C,U,Greenlandic)
Poleni (Tonga (Tonga Islands))
Polija (C,U,Latvian)
Polio (C,U,Esperanto)
Polish People’s Republic (C,U)
Poljska (C,U,Croatian)
Poljska (Bosnian)
Poljska (Slovene)
Pólland (C,U,Icelandic)
Pólland (Faroese)
Pollando (C,U,Esperanto)
Pologna (C,U,Romansh)
Poloɲi (C,U,Bambara)
Poloñ (C,U,Fulah)
Polóña (C,U,Guarani)
Pôlôna (C,U,Malagasy)
Polongne (C,U)
Polonha (C,U,Occitan)
Poloni (C,U,Lingala)
Poloni (Albanian)
Poloni (Cornish)
Pölôni (C,U,Sangho)
Polònia (C,U,Catalan)
Polònia (Piemontese)
Polónia (C,U,Portuguese)
Polónia (Tetum)
Polônia (C,U,Portuguese)
Polonia - Polska (C,U,Galician)
Polonie (C,U,Friulian)
Polonja (C,U,Maltese)
Polonya (C,U,Tagalog)
Polonya (Kurdish)
Polonya (Turkish)
Polonya (Dimli)
Polonya (Pampanga)
Polonya (Waray (Philippines))
Polonye (C,U,Rundi)
Polşa (C,U,Azerbaijani)
Polsha (C,U,Uzbek)
Pólska (C,U,Upper Sorbian)
polskas (C,U)
Pòlskô (C,U,Kashubian)
Polsko (C,U,Czech)
Poľsko (C,U,Slovak)
Pol’šu (C,U)
Pol'šu (C,U)
Polujo (C,U,Esperanto)
Poola (C,U,Estonian)
Pooln (C,U,Vlaams)
Poran (C,U,Nauruan)
Pulonia (C,U,Sicilian)
Pulonnia (C,U,Napoletano-Calabrese)
Pulska (C,U,Quechuan)
Pulunya (C,U,Quechuan)
Puola (C,U,Finnish)
Yn Pholynn (C,U,Gaelic, indigenous Manx)
بولندا (C,U,Arabic)
פוילן (C,U,Yiddish)
Полска (C,U,Macedonian)
ܦܘܠܢܕ (C,U,Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE))
Польща (C,U,Ukrainian)
ประเทศโปแลนด์ (C,U,Thai)
போலந்து (C,U,Tamil)
Լեհաստան (C,U,Armenian)
პოლონეთი (C,U,Georgian)
โปแลนด์ (C,U,Thai)
ポーランド (C,U,Japanese)
波蘭 (C,U,Chinese)
لەھىستان (C,U,Uyghur)
पोलैंड (C,U,Hindi)
Пољска (C,U,Serbian)
ប៉ូលូញ (C,U,Khmer)
Пол҄ьска (C,U,Slavonic, Old Church)
ፖላንድ (C,U,Tigrinya)
ፖላንድ (Amharic)
پولنډ (C,U,Pashto)
ໂປແລນ (C,U,Lao)
Полония (C,U,Romanian)
Полша (C,U,Bulgarian)
Лаҳистон (C,U,Tajik)
폴란드 (C,U,Korean)
لهستان (C,U,Persian-Farsi)
Πολωνία (C,U,Greek)
পোল্যাণ্ড (C,U,Bengali)
ପୋଲାଣ୍ଡ (C,U,Odia)
پولینڈ (C,U,Urdu)
اتریش (C,U,Persian-Farsi)
পোল্যান্ড (C,U,Bengali)
పోలాండ్ (C,U,Telugu)
Польшча (C,U,Belarusian)
पोलंड (C,U,Marathi)
پۆڵەندا (C,U,Kurdish)
पोल्याण्ड (C,U,Nepali)
പോളണ്ട് (C,U,Malayalam)
ပိုလန် (C,U,Burmese)
પોલેંડ (C,U,Gujarati)
ポーランド共和国 (C,U,Japanese)
ಪೋಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ (C,U,Kannada)
පෝලන්තය (C,U,Sinhala)
པོ་ལནྜ། (C,U,Tibetan)
Polish People's Republic (H,O,English,U,N)  ............ 1944-1989
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (H,V,Polish,U,N)  ............ 1944-1989

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Poland (nation)  ........  Poland (nation) (P)

Additional Parents:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of European Union (union)  ........  European Union (union) (P)
Hierarchy of Poland (nation)  ............  Poland (nation)
 
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Eastern Europe (general region)  ........  Eastern Europe (general region) (P)
Hierarchy of Poland (nation)  ............  Poland (nation)
 
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of European Economic Area (zone)  ........  European Economic Area (zone) (P,U)
Hierarchy of Poland (nation)  ............  Poland (nation) (P)

Place Types:
nation (preferred, C)  ............  traditionally was created under Mieszko I in 966 CE; modern state emerged after World War I, controlled by Soviet Union 1947-1989
primary political unit (C)
independent sovereign nation (C)
republic (C)
independent political entity (C)

Related geographic places:
capital is ....  Warsaw .......... (inhabited place)
..................  (World, Europe, Poland, Masovian Voivodeship) [7007833]
member of ....  European Union .......... (union)
................  (World, Europe) [7030305]
................  since 2004
member of ....  North Atlantic Treaty Organization .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029610]
................  became a member in 1999
member of ....  United Nations .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029605]
................  joined organization in 1945

Sources and Contributors:
Польша..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
Республика Польша..........  [VP]
................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
波兰..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
...........  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
波兰共和国..........  [VP]
..............  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
بويًدا..........  [VP]
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
جُهور ةً بويًدا..........  [VP]
.............................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
פולין..........  [IMJ, VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
..............  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
بولندا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
פוילן..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Полска..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ܦܘܠܢܕ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Польща..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ประเทศโปแลนด์..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
போலந்து..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Լեհաստան..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
პოლონეთი..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
โปแลนด์..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ポーランド..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
波蘭..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
لەھىستان..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
पोलैंड..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Пољска..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ប៉ូលូញ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Пол҄ьска..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ፖላንድ..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
پولنډ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ໂປແລນ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Полония..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Полша..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Лаҳистон..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
폴란드..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
لهستان..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Πολωνία..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
পোল্যাণ্ড..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ପୋଲାଣ୍ଡ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
پولینڈ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
اتریش..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
পোল্যান্ড..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
పోలాండ్..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Польшча..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
पोलंड..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
پۆڵەندا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
पोल्याण्ड..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
പോളണ്ട്..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ပိုလန်..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
પોલેંડ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ポーランド共和国..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ಪೋಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
පෝලන්තය..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
པོ་ལནྜ།..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Польшæ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
An Pholainn..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
A Phòlainn..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Ba Lan..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Booland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Gwlad Pwyl..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
i-Poland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
ISO616..........  [VP]
.................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
Lengyelország..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Lenkija..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Mpoloni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Orílẹ́ède Polandi..........  [VP]
................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pholandi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
PL..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
...........  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) FIPS; 66
Poalen..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
POL..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Handbook (1988) 770
Polaland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polän..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polan..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poland..........  [BHA, FDA, IMJ Preferred, VP]
.................  Britannica Book of the Year (1990) 490-491
.................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 2:743-744
.................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
.................  Times Atlas of World History (1993) 353
.................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-76
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 74
poland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polandi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polandia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poland nutome..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pole..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polen..........  [VP]
..............  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1288
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
..............  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-137
Poleni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polija..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polio..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polish..........  [VP]
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 29
Polish People's Republic..........  [VP]
.........................................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) IX, 552-554
Polish People’s Republic..........  [VP]
.........................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poljska..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pólland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pollando..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pologna..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pologne..........  [BHA, VP]
.................  Cassell's French Dictionary (1981) 390
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-137
Poloɲi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poloñ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polóña..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pôlôna..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polongne..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonha..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poloni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pölôni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonia..........  [VP]
.................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 929
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-137
Polònia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polónia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polônia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonia - Polska..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonie..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonja..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polonye..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polşa..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polsha..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polska..........  [FDA, VP Preferred]
.................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 693
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-137
.................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
Pólska..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polska Rzeczpospolita..........  [VP]
......................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 682
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa..........  [VP]
...............................................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 512-514
...............................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
polskas..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pòlskô..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polsko..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poľsko..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pol’šu..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pol'šu..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Polujo..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poola..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pooln..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Poran..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pulonia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pulonnia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pulska..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Pulunya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Puola..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
República de Polonia..........  [VP]
...................................  UNGEGN List of Country Names (2007) accessed 22 July 2009
Republic of Poland..........  [VP]
...................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 682
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
République de Pologne..........  [VP]
......................................  UNGEGN List of Country Names (2007) accessed 22 July 2009
Rzeczpospolita Polska..........  [VP]
......................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 694
......................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
......................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 30 July 2013
Yn Pholynn..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
Subject: .....  [BHA, FDA, IMJ, VP]
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1990) 490-491
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1992) 682
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 694
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1994) 693
..................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 512-514
..................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) II, 743-744; 2:743-744
..................  Cassell's French Dictionary (1981) 390
..................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 1288
..................  Cassell's Spanish Dictionary (1978) 929
..................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
..................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) IX, 552-554
..................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 798544
..................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 19
..................  ISO Handbook (1988) 770
..................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
..................  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) 66
..................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-137
..................  Times Atlas of World History (1993) 353
..................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-76
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 74
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 29
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
..................  Wikipedia (2000-) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
..........  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2002) "Poland". accessed 21 July 2003

 

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