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ID: 7003712
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7003712

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of Berlin (inhabited place)  Berlin (inhabited place)

Coordinates:
Lat: 52 31 00 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 52.5167  decimal degrees
Long: 013 24 00 E  degrees minutes   Long: 13.4000  decimal degrees

Note: The city of Berlin, coextensive with the state of Berlin, lies on both sides of the Spree River in its wide glacial valley in the center of unified Germany. Comprises 12 bezirke (boroughs), each of which contains a number of localities that may have historic roots in older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920. The area was originally two Wendish villages, Kölln and Berlin, were founded there in the 13th century, merged in the 14th century, and was named Berlin by the Hohenzollerns. It was strategically located at the center of the canal system of the Oder and Spree Rivers. Severely damaged in World War II; after the war, was divided into four occupation zones, each governed by one of the Allies. The Soviet-ruled East Berlin, together with the rest of East Germany, and West Berlin, a western enclave within East Germany, were governed separately from 1949. A concrete wall physically divided the city in 1961. The Berlin Wall and the political separation of the two parts of the city ended in 1989 as the communist eastern government collapsed. In 1990 the united Berlin became once again the capital of a united Germany. The largest city in Germany, its 2011 estimated population was 3.5 million.

Names:
Berlin (Berlin state) (preferred,C,V,English-P,U,N)  ............ so called from 13th cen., East & West Berlin split 1949, reunited 1990
Berlin (Berlin state) (German-P,U,N)
Berlin (Berlin state) (C,V)
Berlino (C,V,Italian-P,U,N)
Berlijn (C,V,Dutch-P,U)

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Germany (nation)  ........  Germany (nation) (P)
Hierarchy of Berlin (state)  ............  Berlin (state) (P)
Hierarchy of Berlin (inhabited place)  ................  Berlin (inhabited place) (P)

Place Types:
inhabited place (preferred, C)  ............  two villages founded in 13th century, united in 1307
city (C)
national capital (B)  ............  of Brandenburg, 15th century
commercial center (C)  ............  spurred by linking of Oder and Spree Rivers by canal by Elector Frederick William in 17th century
cultural center (C)

Related geographic places:
capital of ....  German Colonial Empire .......... (former nation/state/empire)
..................  (World) [8711752]
capital of ....  German Empire .......... (former nation/state/empire)
..................  (World, Europe) [8711753]
..................  1871-1918
capital of ....  Germany .......... (nation)
..................  (World, Europe) [7000084]
capital of ....  Weimar Republic .......... (former nation/state/empire)
..................  (World, Europe) [8711754]
..................  1919-1933

Sources and Contributors:
Berlijn..........  [VP]
.................  De Bosatlas van Nederland (2007)
Berlin..........  [BHA, FDA, GRLPSC, VP Preferred]
.................  Baedekers: Berlin (1965) 42
.................  Berlin, New York Times (1999)
.................  BHA, Authority file (1973-)
.................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 1:98
.................  Klessmann, Berlin Gallery (1971) 10
.................  National Archives and Record Administration database (1987-)
.................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
.................  Reunited, National Geographic (1991) 2-42 & map supplement
.................  Times Atlas of the World (1992) 26
.................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 140
Berlin (Berlin state)..........  [VP]
......................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
Berlino..........  [VP]
.................  Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1983) 65
Subject: .....  [BHA, FDA, GRLPSC, VP]
..................  Baedekers: Berlin (1965) 42
..................  Berlin, New York Times (1999)
..................  BHA, Authority file (1973-)
..................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 1:98
..................  Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1983) 65
..................  Klessmann, Berlin Gallery (1971) 10
..................  LC Name Authority Headings. [online] (2002-) Berlin (Germany) NAF79034972, accessed 13 May 2004
..................  National Archives and Record Administration database (1987-)
..................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-) -1746443
..................  Reunited, National Geographic (1991) 2-42 & map supplement
..................  Times Atlas of the World (1992) 26
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 140
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
..........  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 1:98
..........  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014) accessed 13 May 2004
..........  World Gazetteer [online] (1990-2006) accessed 13 May 2004

 

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