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ID: 7011179
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7011179

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of Siena (inhabited place)  Siena (inhabited place)

Coordinates:
Lat: 43 19 07 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 43.3180  decimal degrees
Long: 011 19 50 E  degrees minutes   Long: 11.3300  decimal degrees

Elevation:
1056.430  feet    322.0000  meters

Note: Siena was founded as an Etruscan hill town, possibly by the Saina tribe; later it was the Roman city of Sena Julia (3rd century BCE). It flourished under the Lombard kings (6th century CE) and was a Medieval self-governing commune (constitution dates to 1179). Siena was a Medieval seat of pro-imperial Ghibelline power and was an economic and territorial rival of Guelf (anti-imperial) Florence. The population was ravaged by the Black Death (bubonic plague) in 1348. Siena was ruled by Charles of Anjou in the 13th century, the Visconti of Milan in the early 15th century, and the Medici of Florence after 1557. Historic core named an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.

Names:
Siena (preferred,C,V,display,English-P,U,N)  ............ used since 13th century
Siena (Spanish-P,U)
Siena (Italian-P,U,N)
Siena (French-P,U)
Siena (German-P,U)
Siena (Dutch-P,U)
Sienna (C,V,English,U,N)  ............ obsolete spelling, but used occasionally
Σιένα (C,V,Greek,U)
锡耶纳 (C,V,Chinese,U)
Сиена (C,V,Russian,U)
Sienne (C,V,French,U)
Siyenah (C,V,Hebrew (transliterated),U)
סיינה (C,V,Hebrew ,U)
シエーナ (C,V,Japanese,U)
Sienese (C,O,English,U,A)
Saena Julia (H,V,Latin-P,U,N)  ............ Roman, reference to Julius Caesar
Sanna (H,V)
Sena (H,V,S,Etruscan-P,U,N)  ............ Etruscan period
Senae (H,V)  ............ medieval
Sena Julia (H,V)

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Italy (nation)  ........  Italy (nation) (P)
Hierarchy of Tuscany (region (administrative division))  ............  Tuscany (region (administrative division)) (P,C) part of new kingdom of Italy from 1861
Hierarchy of Siena (province)  ................  Siena (province) (P)
Hierarchy of Siena (inhabited place)  ....................  Siena (inhabited place) (P)

Additional Parents:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of Etruria (former group of nations/states/cities)  ........  Etruria (former group of nations/states/cities) (P)
Hierarchy of Siena (inhabited place)  ............  Siena (inhabited place) (P,H) sites near Siena date to the Late Etruscan period

Place Types:
inhabited place (preferred, C)  ............  settled by Etruscans (flourished 6th century BCE)
city (C)
archiepiscopal see (C)  ............  bishopric was established by Middle Ages, later became an archbishopric; noted for large medieval cathedral
commune (administrative) (C)  ............  since 1125
cultural center (C)  ............  since Middle Ages, famed for architecture, sculptors and painters including Duccio, Simone Martini and the Lorenzetti
tourist center (C)  ............  noted for medieval architecture and Palio horse races
university center (C)  ............  university founded in 1240
World Heritage Site (C)  ............  from 1995
financial center (H)  ............  was important European banking center by 13th century, but declined with fall of Ghibelline power in area and Black Death of 1348
countship (H)  ............  Frankish, 6th-12th century
Frankish (H)
Ancient Roman (H)
Etruscan (H)

Related geographic places:
ally of ....  Arezzo .......... (inhabited place)
............  (World, Europe, Italy, Tuscany, Arezzo province) [7006072]
............  Ghibelline allies during the 13th and 14th centuries
ally of ....  Pisa .......... (inhabited place)
............  (World, Europe, Italy, Tuscany, Pisa province) [7006082]
............  Ghibelline allies during the 13th and 14th centuries
ally of ....  Pistoia .......... (inhabited place)
............  (World, Europe, Italy, Tuscany, Pistoia province) [7005060]
............  Ghibelline allies during the 13th and 14th centuries
near/adjacent to ....  La Piana .......... (deserted settlement)
..............................  (World, Europe, Italy, Tuscany, Siena province) [7029473]
..............................  La Piana was related to Siena, site is adjacent to modern Siena

Sources and Contributors:
シエーナ..........  [VP]
...........  Archaeology Magazine [online] (2000-)
Σιένα..........  [VP]
..............  Archaeology Magazine [online] (2000-)
סיינה..........  [IMJ, VP]
..............  Archaeology Magazine [online] (2000-)
..............  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
Сиена..........  [VP]
..............  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014)
锡耶纳..........  [VP]
...........  Archaeology Magazine [online] (2000-)
Saena Julia..........  [FDA, GRLPSC, VP]
.......................  GRI Photo Archive, Authority File (1998) 12592
.......................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 1114
Sanna..........  [VP]
..............  Dizionario Corografico Toscana (1977) 1508
Sena..........  [VP]
...........  Archaeology Magazine [online] (2000-)
...........  TCI: Toscana (1984) 479
Senae..........  [VP]
..............  Dizionario Corografico Toscana (1977)
Sena Julia..........  [VP]
.......................  TCI: Toscana (1984) 479
Siena..........  [BHA Preferred, FDA Preferred, GRLPSC Preferred, IMJ Preferred, VP Preferred]
..............  Annuario Generale (1980)
..............  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 2:861
..............  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2002) accessed 21 April 1999
..............  Getty Museum, Collections [online] (2000-) accessed 2 February 2010
..............  Hook, Siena (1979) 6 ff.
..............  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..............  Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-) n 79013822
..............  Milanesi, Storia dell'Arte Senese (1969) passim
..............  National Gallery of Art database, Washington (1987-)
..............  NGA/NIMA database (2003-) UNI -197690
..............  TCI: Toscana (1984) 479 ff.
..............  Times Atlas of the World (1992) 183
..............  VIAF: Virtual International Authority File [online] (2009-) VIAF ID: 239842096 (Geographic)
..............  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
Sienese..........  [VP]
.................  OED2 on CD-ROM (1994)
Sienna..........  [VP]
.................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-162
Sienne..........  [VP]
.................  Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-)
Siyenah..........  [VP]
.................  Library of Congress Subject Headings (2002-)
Subject: .....  [BHA, FDA, GRLPSC, IMJ, VP]
..................  Annuario Generale (1980)
..................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) 2:861
..................  Dizionario Corografico Toscana (1977) 1508
..................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2002) accessed 21 April 1999
..................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014) accessed 26 Sep 2002
..................  GRI Photo Archive, Authority File (1998) 12592
..................  Hook, Siena (1979) 6 ff.
..................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..................  Milanesi, Storia dell'Arte Senese (1969) passim
..................  National Gallery of Art database, Washington (1987-)
..................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-) -129709
..................  OED2 on CD-ROM (1994)
..................  Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-162
..................  TCI: Toscana (1984) 479 ff.
..................  Times Atlas of the World (1992) 183
..................  UNESCO World Heritage Centre [online] (1992-) accessed 20 July 2010
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) 1114
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
..........  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014) accessed 6 June 2003
..........  UNESCO World Heritage Centre [online] (1992-) accessed 20 July 2010
..........  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 1114

 

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