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photogravure (process) (intaglio photomechanical processes, photomechanical processes, ... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: An intaglio photomechanical process of reproducing an image or design, a combination of photography and etching. A metal printing plate is prepared using a bichromate process, leaving a gelatin resist of varying thickness. The plate is etched to form cells of varying depth able to hold different amounts of ink. Crucially, the gelatine in the photographic negative of the image acts as the acid resist when the image comes to be etched. Hand photogravure was very popular in the later 19th century, involves the photographic transfer of the image to a copper plate, prepared with aquatint to give it tone, into which the design is etched. The plate is hand-inked and printed as an ordinary intaglio plate. Machine photogravure, very much more common and commercial, uses a cross-line screen instead of aquatint to provide the tone, and a cylinder is employed rather than a plate. Very fast printing in large editions, for example of magazines, is possible with this technique. If done with an aquatint grain, prefer "photoaquatint."
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| Terms: |
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| photogravure (process) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,U)
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| photogravure (process) (French-P,D,U,U)
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| gravure printing (C,U,LC,English,UF,U,U)
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| gravure (photogravure process) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| heliogravure (process) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| photo-etching (photogravure) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| photoetching (photogravure) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Talbot-Klic process (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 凹版照相 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 凹版印刷 (技法) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 照相凹版術 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 照相凹版 (技法) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 攝影凹版術 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 照相凹版印刷 (技法) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 照相製版印刷 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| āo bǎn zhào xiàng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ao ban zhao xiang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ao pan chao hsiang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| fotogravure (procedé) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,N)
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| héliogravure (process) (C,U,French,UF,U,N)
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| Fotogravüre (process) (C,U,German-P,AD,U,N)
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| Photogravüre (process) (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| Heliogravüre (process) (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| fotoincisione (process) (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,SN)
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| fotogravura (processo) (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,SN)
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| fotograbado (process) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,N)
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| fotohuecograbado (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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| fotogravyr (process) (C,U,Swedish-P,D,U,N)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: K.KT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Activities Facet |
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.... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <processes and techniques by specific type> (G) |
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............ <image-making processes and techniques> (G) |
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................ <printing and printing processes and techniques> (G) |
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.................... printing processes (G) |
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........................ photomechanical processes (G) |
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............................ intaglio photomechanical processes (G) |
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................................ photogravure (process) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 一種凹刻的照相製版術，先以重鉻酸鹽印相法預備金屬印版，留下厚度不一的明膠抗蝕劑。印版經過蝕刻，形成不同深度的小孔，能填載不同量的油墨。若以銅版腐蝕顆粒方式製版，則用「照相凹銅板腐蝕製版法」(photoaquatint)一詞。 |
| Dutch ..... Een fotomechanisch procédé voor diepdruk waarbij de metalen drukplaat wordt geprepareerd met behulp van een bichromaat procédé, waardoor een gelatinebestendige laag ontstaat van variërende dikte. De plaat wordt geëtst om cellen te vormen van variërende diepte die verschillende hoeveelheden inkt kunnen vasthouden. Gebruik 'heliogravure (procédé)' wanneer dit wordt gedaan met natuurhars. |
| Portuguese ..... Um processo fotomecânico em talhe doce de reproduzir uma imagem ou desenho, uma combinação de fotografia e gravura. Uma placa de impressão de metal é preparada usando um processo de bicromato, deixando um revestimento de gelatina de espessura variável. A placa é gravada para formar células de profundidade variável, capazes de conter diferentes quantidades de tinta. Crucialmente, a gelatina no negativo fotográfico da imagem atua como a resistência ao ácido quando a imagem é gravada. A fotogravura à mão foi muito popular no final do século XIX, envolve a transferência fotográfica da imagem para uma placa de cobre, preparada com água-tinta para dar tom, na qual o desenho é gravado. A placa é pintada à mão e impressa como uma placa de entalhe comum. A fotogravura de máquina, muito mais comum e comercial, usa uma tela de linha cruzada em vez de água-tinta para fornecer o tom, e um cilindro é empregado em vez de uma placa. Impressão muito rápida em grandes edições, por exemplo de revistas, é possível com esta técnica. Se feito com um grão de água-tinta, prefira "photoaquatinta". |
| Spanish ..... Proceso fototomecanico de la talla en el cual la placa de impresión del metal está preparada usando un proceso bicromato, dejando una gelatina resistente, su grosor varía. La placa se graba al agua fuerte para formar las células capaces de sostener diversas cantidades de tinta. |
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Related concepts: |
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| created by .... |
photogravurists |
| .................. |
(printmakers, <artists by medium or work type>, ... People (hierarchy name)) [300252901] |
| distinguished from .... |
photoengraving (process) |
| .................................. |
(relief photomechanical processes, photomechanical processes, ... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)) [300053297] |
| meaning/usage overlaps with .... |
photoaquatint (process) |
| .................................................. |
(photogravure (process), intaglio photomechanical processes, ... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)) [300053249] |
| produces .... |
photogravures (prints) |
| ................ |
(photomechanical prints, <prints by process: transfer method>, ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) [300154382] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| photogravure (process)............ |
[GCI Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AATA database (2002-) 127305 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Arts Council of G.B., Mechanized Image (1978) GLOS |
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Brothers, Photography (1899) 134 |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms [online] (2001-2008) |
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Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints (1986) 36 |
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Gernsheim, History of Photography (1969) 544 |
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Haberstich, Photographs Thesaurus for SIBIS (1988) |
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IFLA Glossary for Art Librarians (1984) |
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International Museum of Photography, List of cataloguing terms (1989) |
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Jones, Cassell's Cyclopedia of Photography (1911) |
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Langford, Master Guide to Photography (1982) GLOS |
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Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) |
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Newhall, History of Photography (1982) 251 |
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Personal Communication Richard Pearce-Moses, Curator of Photgraphs, Arizona State University, Tempe, Spring 1989. |
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Quick, Artists' and Illustrators' Encyclopedia (1978) 189 |
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RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
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