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cochineal (colorant) (<colorant for dye and pigment>, colorant (material), ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: A red natural transparent lake colorant that has poor lightfastness and fades in strong sunlight. It is prepared from the bodies of the female scale insect, Dactylopius coccus, native to Mexico, the Canary Islands, and Central and South America. Cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of Central and North America, adopted by Europeans. The pigments are extracted from the dried bodies of insects using water or alcohol. The substance contains about 10% carminic acid, 2% coccerin wax, and 10% fat: the crimson color of cochineal dye is attributed to cochinealin or carminic acid. Cochineal is also used in medicine as an antispasmodic.
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| Terms: |
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| cochineal (colorant) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,N)
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| cochenille (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| cochenille (French-P,D,U,U)
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| Cochenille (C,U,German-P,D,U,N)
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| Koschenille (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| Nopalschildlaus (C,U,German,UF,U,N)
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| kogchinili (C,U,Greek (transliterated)-P,D,U,U)
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| cocciniglia (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,N)
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| cochenill (C,U,Norwegian (Nynorsk)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| cochenill (Norwegian (Bokmål)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| cochonilha (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,U)
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| cochinilha (C,U,Portuguese,UF,U,U)
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| cochinilla (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,N)
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| zacatillo (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,N)
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| grana cochinilla (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,N)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by function> (G) |
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................ colorant (material) (G) |
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.................... <colorant for dye and pigment> (G) |
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........................ cochineal (colorant) (G) |
Additional Parents:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by function> (G) |
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................ colorant (material) (G) |
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.................... pigments (G) |
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........................ <pigment by production method> (G) |
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............................ lake (pigment) (G) |
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................................ cochineal (colorant) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Dutch ..... Een rode, natuurlijke organische kleurstof die ook wordt gebruikt als substraatpigment, verkregen uit de lichamen van de vrouwelijke schildluis Dactylopius coccus Costa (voorheen de coccus Cacti). Het belangrijkste kleurcomponent is karmijn. |
| Spanish ..... Colorante orgánico natural rojo utilizado como pigmento para laca y preparado a partir del cuerpo del insecto coco hembra, Dactylopius coccus Costa (antes Coccus cacti). Es el principal componente colorante del carmín. |
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Related concepts: |
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| composed of .... |
carminic acid |
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(acid, <materials by property>, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300380329] |
| constituent of .... |
carmine (lake) |
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(<colorant for dye and pigment>, colorant (material), ... Materials (hierarchy name)) [300013587] |
| derived/made from .... |
Dactylopius coccus (species) |
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(Dactylopius (genus), Dactylopiidae (family), ... Living Organisms (hierarchy name)) [300311204] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| cochineal (colorant)............ |
[GCI Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AATA database (2002-) 122009 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 255 |
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Gettens and Stout, Painting Materials (1966) 110 |
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Harley, Artists' Pigments c.1600-1835 (1982) 136 |
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Mackie and Thompson, Turkmen (1980) 220 |
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Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 82 |
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MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online: CAMEO (2005-) |
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Personal Communication Elisabeth West Fitzhugh, Conservation scientist, ret., December 1991. |
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Rodee, Old Navajo Rugs (1981) 3 |
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