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ID: 300010082
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300010082

 

Record Type: concept
swastikas (tetraskelions, motifs, ... Design Elements (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Equilateral cross with arms bent at right angles, all in the same rotary direction, usually clockwise. It is an ancient symbol of prosperity and good fortune, widely distributed throughout the world; it is found on ancient Mesopotamian coinage, the Scandinavian god Thor's hammer (left-hand swastika), early Christian and Byzantine art, in medieval heraldry, in South and Central America among the Maya, and in North America, principally among the Navajo. The symbol was appropriated by German Nazis, and became their national symbol during this period; it is still used by some anti-Semitic organizations.
 
Terms:
swastikas (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,PN)  ............ derived from the Sanskrit meaning "conducive to well-being."
swastika (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
swastika (Ned) (Dutch,UF,U,U)
swastika (Spanish,AD,U,SN)
gammadion crosses (C,U,English,UF,U,U)  ............ referring to the form, constructed from four Greek gammas attached to a common base
double sun snakes (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Thor's hammers (motifs) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
صليب معقوف (C,U,Arabic -P,D,U,U)
曲臂十字架 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
卍字形 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
萬字飾 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
qū bì shí zì jià (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
qu bi shi zi jia (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
ch'ü pi shih tzu chia (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
hakenkruisen (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
hakenkruis (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
haakkruisen (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
fylfot (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
fylfots (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
swastika's (Ned) (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
Hakenkreuzen (C,U,German-P,D,U,U)
Hakenkreuz (C,U,German,AD,U,SN)
croci uncinate (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,PN)
croce uncinata (C,U,Italian,AD,U,SN)
svastiche (C,U,Italian,UF,U,PN)
svastica (C,U,Italian,UF,U,SN)
croce gammata (C,U,Italian,UF,U,SN)
croci gammate (C,U,Italian,UF,U,PN)
crux gammata (C,U,Latin,UF,U,SN)
svastika (C,U,Sanskrit (transliterated),UF,U,U)
esvásticas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
esvástica (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
cruz gamada (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  D.DG

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Physical Attributes Facet
Physical Attributes Facet
Hierarchy of Design Elements (hierarchy name)
.... Design Elements (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of design elements (attributes)
........ design elements (attributes) (G)
Hierarchy of motifs
............ motifs (G)
Hierarchy of tetraskelions
................ tetraskelions (G)
Hierarchy of swastikas
.................... swastikas (G)

Additional Parents:

Hierarchy of Physical Attributes Facet
Physical Attributes Facet
Hierarchy of Design Elements (hierarchy name)
.... Design Elements (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of design elements (attributes)
........ design elements (attributes) (G)
Hierarchy of motifs
............ motifs (G)
Hierarchy of crosses (motifs)
................ crosses (motifs) (G)
Hierarchy of fylfots (cross motifs)
.................... fylfots (cross motifs) (G)
Hierarchy of swastikas
........................ swastikas (G)

Additional Notes:
Arabic ..... صليب متساوي الأضلاع مع ثني الذراعين بزاوية قائمة، وكلها في نفس الاتجاه الدوراني، عادة في اتجاه عقارب الساعة. وهو رمز قديم للازدهار والحظ السعيد، وهو منتشر على نطاق واسع في جميع أنحاء العالم؛ تم العثور عليه في العملات المعدنية القديمة في بلاد ما بين النهرين، ومطرقة الإله الإسكندنافي ثور (الصليب المعقوف الأيسر)، والفن المسيحي والبيزنطي المبكر، وفي شعارات النبالة في العصور الوسطى، وفي أمريكا الجنوبية والوسطى بين قبائل المايا، وفي أمريكا الشمالية، وخاصة بين قبيلة نافاجو. تم الاستيلاء على الرمز من قبل النازيين الألمان، وأصبح رمزهم الوطني خلال هذه الفترة؛ لا تزال تستخدم من قبل بعض المنظمات المعادية للسامية. 
Chinese (traditional) ..... 條桿在右角彎曲,並且都朝同一個方向,通常是順時針方向旋轉彎曲的等邊十字架。這是繁榮和好運的古老象徵,並且廣泛散佈到世界各處,可在古代美索布達米亞的硬幣、北歐索爾神的鐵鎚(以左手持用的T形十字架)、早期的基督教及拜占廷藝術、中南美洲的馬雅文化,以及北美洲主要是納瓦伙族的原住民文化中發現它的蹤影。這個象徵符號曾遭德國納粹所挪用,在納粹統治時期成為他們的國家標誌;它至今仍為一些反猶太的組織所使用。 
Dutch ..... Kruisen met vier gelijke armen die gehoekt zijn tegen de klok in en worden geassocieerd met ongeluk; symbool van de NAZI-partij. Dezelfde soort kruisen maar dan gehoekt met de klok mee staan voor geluk en voorspoed. 
Spanish ..... Figuras en las que dos líneas o bandas se cruzan una a la otra y forman cuatro brazos de igual longitud que están doblados en ángulos rectos. 

Sources and Contributors:
曲臂十字架............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
..............  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 December 29, 2011
卍字形............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  文馨活用英漢辭典 p. 1745
...........  藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 189
萬字飾............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  國家教育研究院-雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 28 July, 2014 December 29, 2011
...........  藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 445
صليب معقوف............  [IDEA Preferred]
.......................  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
ch'ü pi shih tzu chia............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
......................................  TELDAP database (2009-)
croce gammata............  [ICCD, VP]
..........................  ICCD database (1988-)
croce uncinata............  [ICCD Preferred, VP]
.............................  ICCD database (1988-)
croci gammate............  [VP]
..........................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
croci uncinate............  [VP]
.............................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
crux gammata............  [VP]
.......................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
cruz gamada............  [CDBP-SNPC, VP]
.......................  Becker, Enciclopedia de los Símbolos (1996) 131
.......................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
double sun snakes............  [VP]
................................  Ware and Stafford, Illustrated Dictionary of Ornament (1974) 75
esvástica............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
....................  Becker, Enciclopedia de los Símbolos (1996)
....................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
esvásticas............  [VP]
.......................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
fylfot............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
fylfots............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
gammadion crosses............  [VP]
................................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
haakkruisen............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Hakenkreuz............  [VP]
.......................  Catholic Encyclopedia [online] (2003-)
Hakenkreuzen............  [VP]
.......................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
hakenkruis............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
hakenkruisen............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
qu bi shi zi jia............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.............................  TELDAP database (2009-)
qū bì shí zì jià............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.............................  TELDAP database (2009-)
svastica............  [VP]
.................  Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1983)
svastiche............  [ICCD, VP]
....................  ICCD database (1988-)
svastika............  [VP]
.................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
swastika ()............  [CDBP-SNPC, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
.......................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......................  Becker, Enciclopedia de los Símbolos (1996)
.......................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
.......................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
.......................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
swastikas............  [CDBP-SNPC, VP Preferred]
....................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
....................  Hornung, Handbook of Designs and Devices (1946) 212
....................  Lewis and Darley, Dictionary of Ornament (1986)
....................  Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969)
....................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
....................  Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TAA) [online] (2000-)
....................  Ware and Stafford, Illustrated Dictionary of Ornament (1974) 210
swastika's (Ned)............  [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.............................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.............................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.............................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Thor's hammers (motifs)............  [VP]
.........................................  Ware and Stafford, Illustrated Dictionary of Ornament (1974) 75
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, ICCD, IDEA, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
............  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) 228; Symbols: crosses: swastike; Swastika: crosses: symbols
............  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
............  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 22 October 2008
Arabic .......... [IDEA, VP]
.......... IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-)
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
.......... Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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