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Xia (ancient culture, style, period) (Chinese dynastic styles and periods, Chinese (culture or style), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Traditionally refers to the culture, style, and period of the unverified first Chinese dynasty, dating from the early second millennium BCE and preceding the Shang dynasty. Scholars debate the validity of the claim in Zhou period texts that the Xia controlled an area in the middle Yellow River valley. No archaeologically defined culture has been discovered. The supposed date range of the Xia dynasty covers the early part of the bronze-producing Erlitou culture of Henan province and the site of Erlitou in Yanshi county, Henan province, may be Xia. Erlitou ceramics appear to have come out of Longshan pottery and include grey, black, red, white, and brownish earthenware. Perhaps most noteworthy are Erlitou bronze ritual vessels cast in pottery molds. These bronze ritual vessels as well as ornaments and jades, have been uncovered in Erlitou tombs.
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| Terms: |
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| Xia (ancient culture, style, period) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Xia (ancient culture, style, period) (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| Xia (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| Chou (Xia) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Hsia (culture, style, period) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 夏 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 夏朝 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| xià (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| xia (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| hsia (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Asian (G) |
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................ East Asian (G) |
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.................... Chinese (culture or style) (G) |
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........................ Chinese dynastic styles and periods (G) |
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............................ Xia (ancient culture, style, period) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 指未經證實的中國第一個朝代，約始自西元前2000年初，在商代之前。據周朝文獻指出，夏朝曾統治黃河中游河谷的一個區域，但學者仍對此說法可信度持不同看法。目前考古方面仍未發現足夠定義為夏朝的文化。夏朝的假定年代與青銅器時期的河南省二里頭文化早期同時，而河南省偃師縣的二里頭文化遺址可能就是夏的所在地。二里頭陶器可能源自龍山陶器，包括灰陶、黑陶、紅陶、白陶、棕陶等。二里頭最有名的應是以陶模鑄造的青銅祭器。在二里頭墓葬挖掘出的有青銅祭器、飾物、玉器等。 |
| Dutch ..... Verwijst traditioneel naar de eerste Chinese dynastie, waarvan het bestaan nog niet is bewezen. Deze dynastie zou dateren uit het vroege tweede millennium v. Chr. en aan de Shang-dynastie zijn voorafgegaan. Geleerden betwisten de geldigheid van de claim in teksten uit de Zhou-periode dat de Xia heersten over een gebied in het middendal van de Gele Rivier. Er is geen archeologisch gedefinieerde cultuur ontdekt. De veronderstelde datering van de Xia-dynastie valt samen met het vroege deel van de Erlitou-cultuur in de provincie Henan die brons produceerde. De Erlitou-site in het gewest Yanshi, provincie Henan, zou Xia kunnen zijn. Erlitou-keramiek is waarschijnlijk voortgekomen uit Longshan-aardewerk, en bestaat uit grijs, zwart, rood, wit en bruinachtig aardewerk. Het meest opmerkelijk zijn misschien bronzen rituele vaten van Erlitou die in keramiekmallen zijn gevormd. Deze bronzen rituele vaten zijn, evenals ornamenten en jaden voorwerpen, ontdekt in graftomben in Erlitou. |
| Spanish ..... Refiérase tradicionalmente a la primera dinastía china, fechado a partir del segundo milenio temprano y precediendo la dinastía de Shang. Los eruditos discuten la validez de los textos del período de Zhou, estos y el Xia controlaron un área en el valle del río amarillo medio. No se ha descubierto ninguna cultura arqueológicamente definida. La gama supuesta de la fecha de la dinastía de Xia cubre la parte anterior de la cultura de Erlitou de la provincia de Henan. La cerámica de Erlitou aparece haber salido de la cerámica de Longshan e incluiye la loza gris, negra, roja, blanca, y pardusca. Éstos broncean los recipientes rituales así como los ornamentos y los jades. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Xia (ancient culture, style, period)............ |
[CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
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AATA database (2002-) 130666 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Alcina Franch, Diccionario de Arqueología (1998) 825 |
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Fong, Great Bronze Age of China (1980) xv |
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Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 7 Apr 2004 |
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Kunstschatten uit China (1982) |
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Lee, History of Far Eastern Art (1982) 545 |
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Rawson, Ancient China (1980) 239 |
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Vandier-Nicolas, Chinese Painting (1983) 254 |
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