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Bijar (West Persian textile styles after the Mongols, Persian textile styles after the Mongols, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Style of textiles, particularly carpets, handwoven by Kurds in the vicinity of the village of Bijar in western Iran, and characterized by their weight, sturdiness, and remarkable stiffness and resistance to folding. Woven on a woolen foundation in the symmetrical knot, these carpets are said to be double-warped. This refers to the way the warps are strung closely together, and alternate weft shoots are pulled so tight that the warp lies on two levels, one almost precisely behind the other. The structure is unusual in that the weft is passed three times between rows of knots. This is also a Kerman characteristic. Many Bijar carpets have clumsy medallion decorative schemes in which the medallion and corners are ornamented but the balance of the field remains a solid red or yellow. Other examples show repeat patterns, including the herati, in which a diamond lattice peeps through a tangle of stylized flowers. From Bijar come a remarkable number of vagirehs, or weavers' samples used as models for large carpets, that show portions of several patterns and borders.
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| Terms: |
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| Bijar (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Bijar (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| Bijar (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| Bījār (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 比賈爾 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 比查爾 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| bǐ jiǎ ěr (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| bi jia er (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| pi chia erh (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Islamic World, The (G) |
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................ <Islamic World dynastic styles and periods> (G) |
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.................... <Iranian Islamic styles and periods after the Mongols> (G) |
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........................ Iranian Islamic styles after the Mongols (G) |
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............................ Persian textile styles after the Mongols (G) |
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................................ West Persian textile styles after the Mongols (G) |
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.................................... Bijar (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 一種織品風格，尤指地毯。此類織品是庫德人於伊朗西部的比查爾村莊鄰近地區，以手工編織而成。比查爾地毯的特色在於其較為厚重，耐用，質地較硬，且不易摺疊。這些地毯是以羊毛為基底，並且以對稱的打結方式編織而成，為雙經地毯。「雙經」指的是將經線串在一起的方式：交替的緯線被緊拉在一起，使得經線穿梭在兩層緯線之上；而一層緯線幾乎緊貼在另一層緯線之後。這種結構很特殊，因為緯線在排結之間穿越了三次。克爾曼（Kerman）地毯也帶有同樣的特色。許多比查爾地毯上的獎章裝飾圖案看來有些呆板；地毯上方的獎章圖案以及地毯的角落皆有所裝飾，但是背景的其餘部分則是保持單一的紅色或黃色。其他的比查賈地毯上則呈現重複的圖案，包括赫拉特圖樣。赫拉特圖案當中包含了一個菱形的格狀圖樣，從不同樣式的花卉圖案交錯處隱約顯露出來。比查賈當地亦出產大量的「委吉雷」（vagireh）。委吉雷指的是織布工用來作為大型地毯模型的樣本，可供顯示一些圖樣與邊飾的一部分。 |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Bijar............ |
[CDBP-SNPC Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
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Bacharach and Bierman, Warp and Weft of Islam (1979) |
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Dodds, Oriental Rugs (1985) |
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Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 3 September 2009 |
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Erdmann, 700 Years of Oriental Carpets (1970) |
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Fleming y Honour, Diccionario de Artes Decorativas (1987) 636 |
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Grote Bosatlas (1988) |
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Grove Art Online (2008-) "Islamic art: Carpets and flatweaves," accessed 3 September 2009 |
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McMullan and Reichert, Islamic Rugs (1971) |
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Personal Communication Julia Bailey, Sackler Art Museum, 1/93; applies to rugs, Sarakhs q'ed as UF, Lulehs not good UF. |
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