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ID: 300143666
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300143666

 

Record Type: concept
Taoism (religions (belief systems, cultures), <religions and religious concepts>, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Religion and philosophical tradition originating in China, generally emphasizing individual freedom and spontaneity, laissez-faire government and social primitivism, techniques of self-transformation, mystical experience, and individual and government ethical responsibility. It is founded on the texts of the Tao-te Ching, Chuang-tzu, and Lieh-tzu. Later, the tradition diverged, resulting in strictly philosophical Taoism on the one hand, and religious Taoism on the other. The governing principle of the latter is the struggle to reach a state of 'immortality' through a strict regimen of dietary restrictions, breath control, meditation and visualization of the gods that inhabit the body, sexual control and discipline, the practice of theoretical internal alchemy (nei-tan) used to energize the Yin and Yang forces within the body, and the use of magic talismans. Successful devotees were known as hsien (Immortals).
 
Terms:
Taoism (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,N)
Taoist (C,U,English,AD,U,N)
Daoism (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
道教 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
dào jiào (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
dao jiao (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
tao chiao (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
taoïsme (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Taoísmo (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  B.BM

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Associated Concepts Facet
Associated Concepts Facet
Hierarchy of Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)
.... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <religions and religious concepts>
........ <religions and religious concepts> (G)
Hierarchy of religions (belief systems, cultures)
............ religions (belief systems, cultures) (G)
Hierarchy of Taoism
................ Taoism (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 源於中國的宗教與哲學傳統。強調個人自由與自然、無為而治、社會尚古、自變之力、神秘體驗,以及個人與政府的道德責任。此教派根據《道德經(Tao-te Ching)》、《莊子(Chuang-tzu)》及《列子(Lieh-tzu)》的文本而來。此教派隨後偏離傳統,分裂成純哲學派及宗教派的道教。道教的信條就是要透過嚴格的飲食限制、呼吸控制、冥思、將居於身體裡的神形象化、性的控制與紀律、運用內丹活化體內的陰陽之力,並使用符籙等,致力於達成「不朽」的境界。成功者便會成仙。 
Dutch ..... Religie en filosofische traditie die haar oorsprong vindt in China, en waarbij de nadruk ligt op individuele vrijheid en spontaniteit, een minimum aan overheidsbemoeienis en sociaal primitivisme, technieken voor zelftransformatie, mystieke ervaringen en individuele en gemeenschappelijke ethische verantwoordelijkheid. De traditie is gebaseerd op de teksten van Tao-te Ching, Chuang-tzu en Lieh-tzu. Later ging de traditie verschillende richtingen uit, wat leidde tot strikt filosofisch taoïsme aan de ene kant en religieus taoïsme aan de andere kant. Het heersende principe van die laatste richting is het streven naar een toestand van 'onsterfelijkheid' door strikte voedingsvoorschriften, beheersing van de ademhaling, meditatie en het visualiseren van de goden in het lichaam, seksuele beheersing, het beoefenen van theoretische innerlijke alchemie (nei-tan) om de yin- en yang-krachten in het lichaam te mobiliseren en het gebruik van magische talismans. Succesvolle volgelingen stonden bekend als hsien (onsterfelijken). 
Spanish ..... Religión y tradición filosófica originada en China, generalmente enfatiza la libertad individual y espontaneidad, gobierno liberal y primitivismo social, técnicas de auto transformación, experiencias místicas e individuos y gobierno son éticamente responsables.Se basa en los textos del Tai-te Ching, Chuang-tzu y Lieh-tzu. Posteriormente la tradición divergió, resultando en un Taoismo estrictamente filosófico por un lado y por el otro un Taoismo religioso. Los principios de gobernación de ésta es de resistencia para alcanzar un estado de inmortalidad através de un regimen extricto de dietas restringuidas, respiración controlada, meditación y visualizacón de los dioses que ihabitan en el cuerpo, control sexual y disciplina, la practica teórica de la alquimia interna (nei- tan) utilizado para las fuerzas energéticas del ying y el yang del cuerpo, y el uso de talismanes mágicos. Los devotos exitosos son conocidos como "hsien" (inmortales). 

Sources and Contributors:
道教............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 July 31, 2012
...........  智慧藏百科全書網 July 31, 2012
Daoism............  [VP]
.................  Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 951
.................  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 12 Apr 2004
dao jiao............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
dào jiào............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
tao chiao............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
....................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Taoism............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  AATA database (2002-) 129553 checked 26 January 2012
.................  Avery Index (1963-)
.................  Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 951
.................  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................  Crim, Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions (1981) 742
.................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) "Taoism" Accessed 8/22/00
.................  Lippy and Williams, Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience (1988) 706
.................  Parrinder, Dictionary of Non-Christian Religions (1971) 274
.................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
taoïsme............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Taoísmo............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
.................  Diccionario Espasa. Religiones y creencias (1997) 779
.................  Hattstein, Religiones del Mundo (1997) 43
.................  Moliner, Diccionario de uso del español (2004) 1262
.................  Nuevo Espasa Ilustrado 2000, Diccionario Enciclopédico (1999)
Taoist............  [VP]
.................  Avery Index (1963-)
.................  Crim, Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions (1981) 742
.................  Lippy and Williams, Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience (1988) 1521
.................  Parrinder, Dictionary of Non-Christian Religions (1971) 274
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 129553 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) precoor.; Art, Taoist; Temples, Taoist; Painting, Taoist; Mural painting and decoration, Taoist
............  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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