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ID: 300022022
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300022022

 

Record Type: concept
Coptic (Orthodox Christianity) (Oriental Orthodox, Christianity, ... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Oriental Orthodox Christian religion of predominantly Muslim Egypt. Egyptians before the Arab conquest of the 7th century identified themselves and their language as Aigyptios in Greek (Westernized as Copt) and later when Egyptian Muslims stopped calling themselves Aigyptioi, the term became the distinctive name of the Christian minority. Since the 5th century these Christians have been Monophysites, meaning that they acknowledge only one nature in Christ. Apart from the Monophysite question, the Coptic and the Eastern Orthodox churches agree regarding doctrine. Services are almost entirely conducted in Arabic and the service books, using the liturgies attributed to St. Mark, St. Cyril of Alexandria, and St. Gregory of Nazianzus, are written in Coptic (the Bohairic dialect of Alexandria), with the Arabic text in parallel columns. After the 1890s the church devised a democratic system of government, led by the patriarch who lives in Cairo. Outside of Egypt, there are a few Coptic Orthodox churches in the Holy Land and a Coptic bishopric in Khartoum, Sudan. The Ethiopian, Armenian, and Syrian Jacobite churches are in communion with the Coptic Orthodox Church. There is an impressive body of Coptic religious art and the church is known for its vital system of schools. There are over three million Copts and, although a minority, are well represented in Egyptian professional life. Copts have suffered and continue to suffer occasional persecution. With reference specifically to the Early Medieval period in Egypt, use "Coptic (period)."
 
Terms:
Coptic (Orthodox Christianity) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,N)
Coptic Orthodox (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Coptic Church (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
科普特正教會 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
科魯特教會 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
科普特教派 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
kē pǔ tè zhèng jiào huì (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
ke pu te zheng jiao hui (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
k'o p'u t'e cheng chiao hui (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
koptisch (christendom) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Copto (cristandade) (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,U)
Copto (cristianismo) (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Copte (christianisme) (C,U,French-P,D,U,U)
Egyptian Church (H,U,English,UF,U,N)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  B.BM

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Associated Concepts Facet
Associated Concepts Facet
Hierarchy of Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)
.... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <religions and religious concepts>
........ <religions and religious concepts> (G)
Hierarchy of religions (belief systems, cultures)
............ religions (belief systems, cultures) (G)
Hierarchy of Abrahamic religions
................ Abrahamic religions (G)
Hierarchy of Christianity
.................... Christianity (G)
Hierarchy of Oriental Orthodox
........................ Oriental Orthodox (G)
Hierarchy of Coptic (Orthodox Christianity)
............................ Coptic (Orthodox Christianity) (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 指埃及(以穆斯林佔多數)的國家基督教會。在七世紀被阿拉伯征服之前,埃及人稱自己及其語言為希臘語的「埃吉普提奧斯(Aigyptios)」(西方語的科普特Copt,即埃及土著基督教會之基督徒),之後埃及穆斯林不再自稱埃吉普提奧斯,此詞彙變成基督教少數族群的特殊稱呼。這些基督徒從五世紀以來一直是神人一性論者,意指他們認為基督的本性只有一種。除此之外,科普特教派和東方正教會在教義上意見相同。教會服務幾乎全以阿拉伯文進行,服務書籍說明依據聖馬克(St. Mark)、亞歷山大‧聖啟祿(St. Cyril of Alexandria)、及聖國瑞‧拿先斯(St. Gregory of Nazianzus)而來的聖餐禮儀,以科普特語(亞歷山大港的波海利方言(Bohairic dialect))撰寫,同時有阿拉伯文供並排對照。西元1890年代後,教會設計出一套民主管理制度,由居住於開羅的主教領導。埃及以外,在聖地有一些科普特正教教會,且在蘇丹的庫圖木(Khartoum)有一個科普特教區。衣索匹亞、亞美尼亞、及敘利亞的雅各派(Jacobite)教會皆與科普特正教教會交流密切。科普特宗教藝術令人印象深刻,教會也以其重要的學校體制出名。目前有超過三百萬名信徒,雖然人數不算多,但在埃及專業領域中足具代表。科普特教派曾遭受迫害,且直到現在偶爾仍遭受迫害。要特別參考埃及中世紀早期的資料,詳見「科普特(時期)」。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de christelijke kerk van Egypte, waar de islam de belangrijkste godsdienst is. Vóór de verovering door de Arabieren in de 7de eeuw duidden de Egyptenaren zichzelf en hun taal aan met de Griekse term Aigyptios (met Kopt als westerse vorm). Later namen de Egyptische moslims afstand van de term Aigyptioi en ging deze fungeren als specifieke aanduiding van de christelijke minderheid in Egypte. Sinds de 5de eeuw zijn deze christenen monofysitisch: ze erkennen slechts één natuur van Christus. Afgezien van de monofysitische kwestie hebben de kopten dezelfde geloofsleer als de oosters-orthodoxe kerken. De erediensten worden vrijwel geheel in het Arabisch gehouden, en de kerkboeken, met liturgieën die zijn toegeschreven aan Marcus, de Heilige Cyrilus van Alexandrië en Gregorius van Nazianzus, zijn geschreven in het Koptisch (het Bohairische dialect van Alexandrië), met daarnaast de Arabische tekst in een tweede kolom. Na de jaren 90 van de 19de eeuw introduceerde de kerk een democratische bestuursvorm met aan het hoofd de patriarch, die in Cairo woont. Buiten Egypte zijn er nog enkele koptisch-orthodoxe kerken te vinden in het Heilige Land, en Khartoem (Sudan) heeft een koptisch bisdom. De Ethiopische, Armeense en Syrische Jacobietenkerken vormen een gemeenschap samen met de koptisch-orthodoxe kerk. Er bestaat een overvloed aan koptische religieuze kunst. Ook is de kerk actief op het gebied van scholing. De ruim drie miljoen kopten vormen weliswaar een minderheid in Egypte, maar zijn niettemin sterk vertegenwoordigd in allerlei beroepsgroepen. Kopten hebben vaak onder vervolging te lijden gehad, ook nog in deze tijd. Gebruik 'Koptisch (periode)' om specifiek te verwijzen naar de vroegmiddeleeuwse periode in Egypte. 
Spanish ..... Úsese en referencia a la iglesia cristiana egipcia; en referencia específica al período medieval temprano en Egipto, use "Cóptico (período)". 

Related concepts:
distinguished from ....  Coptic (culture or style)
..................................  (Egyptian (ancient), Mediterranean (Early Western World), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) [300020449]

Sources and Contributors:
科普特正教會............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.................  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 December 6, 2012
科魯特教會............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
..............  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 December 6, 2012
..............  宗教辭典 1225
科普特教派............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
..............  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Copte (christianisme)............  [VP]
......................................  CHIN database (1988-)
Coptic (Orthodox Christianity)............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.....................................................  AATA database (2002-) 122313 checked 26 January 2012
.....................................................  Avery Index (1963-) subhead.; Coptic
.....................................................  Contributed as a candidate term Candidate comment -- AFRART -- 1998; move term out from under <christian sects>
.....................................................  Crim, Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions (1981) 195; Coptic
.....................................................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1973) Vol. 6, 473; Coptic
.....................................................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) Coptic
Coptic Church............  [VP]
..........................  Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 237
Coptic Orthodox............  [VP]
.............................  Doniger, Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions (1999) 263
.............................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2001) accessed 12/01
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria............  [VP]
...........................................................  Doniger, Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions (1999)
Copto (cristandade)............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
...................................  Diccionario de la Lengua Española (1992) 764
...................................  Nuevo Espasa Ilustrado 2000, Diccionario Enciclopédico (1999) 448
Egyptian Church............  [VP]
.............................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2001) accessed 12/01
kē pǔ tè zhèng jiào huì............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.........................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
ke pu te zheng jiao hui............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.........................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
koptisch (christendom)............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.........................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.........................................  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
k'o p'u t'e cheng chiao hui............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...............................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 122313 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) precoor.; ..., Coptic
............  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) precoor.; Coptic...
............  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Coptic...
............  Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 237
.......... Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2001) accessed 12/01
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale hedendaags Nederlands (1994)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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