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Research Home
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sculpture (visual works) (<visual works by material or technique>, visual works (works), ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Three-dimensional works of art in which images and forms are produced in relief, in intaglio, or in the round. The term refers particularly to art works created by carving or engraving a hard material, by molding or casting a malleable material (which usually then hardens), or by assembling parts to create a three-dimensional object. It is typically used to refer to large or medium-sized objects made of stone, wood, bronze, or another metal. Small objects are typically referred to as "carvings" or another appropriate term. "Sculpture" refers to works that represent tangible beings, objects, or groups of objects, or are abstract works that have defined edges and boundaries and can be measured. As three-dimensional works become more diffused in space or time, or less tangible, use appropriate specific terms, such as "mail art" or "environmental art."
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| Terms: |
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| sculpture (visual works) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,SN)
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............ | singular noun may refer to one or more works |
| sculpture (œuvres visuelles) (French-P,D,U,U)
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| sculptures (visual works) (C,U,English,UF,U,PN)
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| sculptures (œuvres visuelles) (French,UF,U,PN)
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| نحت (C,U,Arabic -P,D,U,U)
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| 雕塑 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| beeldhouwwerken (beeldmateriaal) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| beeldhouwwerk (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| sculpturen (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
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| sculptuur (C,U,Dutch,UF,U,U)
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| Skulpturen (C,U,German,D,PN)
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| Skulptur (visuelles Werk) (C,U,German-P,AD,SN)
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| Bildwerk (Skulptur) (C,V,German,AD,SN)
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| Bildhauerarbeit (C,U,German,UF,SN)
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| Bildhauerarbeiten (C,U,German,UF,PN)
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| Bildhauerei (C,U,German,UF,U,U)
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| Plastik (Skulptur) (C,U,German,UF,SN)
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| Plastiken (visuelle Werke) (C,U,German,UF,PN)
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| פסל (C,U,Hebrew,D,N)
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| scultura (C,U,Italian-P,AD,U,FSN)
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| sculture (C,U,Italian,UF,U,FPN)
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| skulptur (C,U,Norwegian (Nynorsk)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| skulptur (Norwegian (Bokmål)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| esculturas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
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| esculturas (Portuguese-P,D,U,PN)
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| escultura (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
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| escultura (Portuguese,AD,U,SN)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.VC |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ Visual Works (hierarchy name) (G) |
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............ visual works (works) (G) |
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................ <visual works by material or technique> (G) |
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.................... sculpture (visual works) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Arabic ..... الأعمال الفنية ثلاثية الأبعاد التي يتم فيها إنتاج الصور والأشكال بشكل بارز أو غائر أو دائري. يشير المصطلح بشكل خاص إلى الأعمال الفنية التي تم إنشاؤها عن طريق نحت أو نقش مادة صلبة، أو عن طريق قولبة أو صب مادة قابلة للطرق (والتي عادة ما تتصلب)، أو عن طريق تجميع الأجزاء لإنشاء كائن ثلاثي الأبعاد. ويستخدم عادةً للإشارة إلى الأشياء الكبيرة أو المتوسطة الحجم المصنوعة من الحجر أو الخشب أو البرونز أو أي معدن آخر. يُشار عادةً إلى الأشياء الصغيرة باسم "المنحوتات" أو أي مصطلح مناسب آخر. يشير مصطلح "النحت" إلى الأعمال التي تمثل كائنات ملموسة أو أشياء أو مجموعات من الأشياء، أو هي أعمال مجردة لها حواف وحدود محددة ويمكن قياسها. عندما تصبح الأعمال ثلاثية الأبعاد أكثر انتشارًا في المكان أو الزمان، أو أقل وضوحًا، استخدم مصطلحات محددة مناسبة، مثل "فن البريد" أو "الفن البيئي". |
| Dutch ..... Kunstwerken waarin beelden en vormen zijn uitgevoerd in reliëf, in intaglio of in rondsculptuur. De term verwijst in het bijzonder naar objecten of groepen objecten die hun tastbaarheid behouden. De term is vooral van toepassing op kunstwerken die worden gemaakt door in een hard materiaal te snijden of te graveren, door een pletbaar materiaal te vormgieten of te modelleren of door delen samen te voegen tot een driedimensionaal object. Meestal heeft de term betrekking op grote of middelgrote objecten van steen, hout, brons of een ander metaal. Kleine objecten worden doorgaans 'beeldsnijwerken' genoemd. Gebruik specifiekere termen voor werken die meer verspreid zijn over ruimte of tijd, of minder tastbaar worden, zoals 'mail art' of 'omgevingskunst'. |
| German ..... Dreidimensionales Kunstwerk, in dem Bilder und Formen im Relief oder vollplastisch dargestellt werden. Der Begriff bezieht sich besonders auf Werke, die durch Schnitzen oder Stechen eines harten Materials, durch Gießen oder Formen weichen Materials (in der Regel später erhärtend) oder durch Zusammenstellen verschiedener Teile zu einem dreidimensionalen Objekt entstehen. Üblicherweise wird der Begriff für große oder mittelgroße Objekte aus Stein, Holz, Bronze oder einem anderen Metall verwendet. Kleinere Objekte werden in der Regel als "[Schnitzerei](300047203)" oder mit anderen geeigneten Fachtermini bezeichnet. "Skulptur" bezieht sich auf Werke, die fassbare Wesen, Objekte oder Gruppen von Objekten darstellen, oder auf abstrakte Werke, die definierte, messbare Kanten und Ausdehnungen besitzen. Für dreidimensionale Werke, die unbestimmter in Raum und Zeit oder weniger dinglich sind, siehe die spezifischeren Begriffe wie "[Mail Art](300121462)" oder "[Landart](300047857)". |
| Italian ..... Opere d'arte tridimensionali in cui immagini e forme sono prodotte in rilievo, in intaglio, o in tondo. Il termine si riferisce in particolare alle opere d'arte create scolpendo o incidendo un materiale duro, modellando o fondendo un materiale malleabile (che di solito poi indurisce), o assemblando parti per creare un oggetto tridimensionale. Viene in genere utilizzato per fare riferimento a oggetti di medie o grandi dimensioni, realizzati in pietra, legno, bronzo, o un altro metallo. I piccoli oggetti sono generalmente indicati come "carvings" o un altro termine appropriato. "Scultura" si riferisce a opere che rappresentano esseri tangibili, oggetti, o gruppi di oggetti, o sono opere astratte che hanno bordi e confini definiti e che possono essere misurate. Quando le opere tridimensionali diventano più diffuse nello spazio o nel tempo, o meno tangibili, utilizzare termini appropriati, come "mail art" o "environmental art". |
| Portuguese ..... Obras de arte tridimensionais nas quais as imagens e formas são produzidas em relevo, entalhe ou redondo. O termo refere-se particularmente a obras de arte criadas pela escultura ou gravação de um material duro, pela moldagem ou fundição de um material maleável (que normalmente endurece) ou pela montagem de peças para criar um objeto tridimensional. É normalmente usado para se referir a objetos grandes ou médios feitos de pedra, madeira, bronze ou outro metal. Objetos pequenos são normalmente chamados de "entalhes" ou outro termo apropriado. "Escultura" refere-se a obras que representam seres tangíveis, objetos ou grupos de objetos, ou são obras abstratas que têm bordas e limites definidos e podem ser medidas. À medida que as obras tridimensionais se tornam mais difusas no espaço ou no tempo, ou menos tangíveis, use termos específicos apropriados, como "arte postal" ou "arte ambiental". |
| Spanish ..... Úsese para obras de arte en que las imágenes y formas son llevadas a cabo principalmente en tres dimensiones, especialmente aquellas que mantienen la calidad de ser objetos tangibles o grupos de objetos. A medida que la obra se convierte más difusa en el espacio o en el tiempo o menos tangible, use otros términos tales como "arte postal " o "arte ecológico". |
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Related concepts: |
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| created by .... |
sculptors |
| .................. |
(<artists by medium or work type>, artists (visual artists), ... People (hierarchy name)) [300025181] |
| distinguished from .... |
carvings (visual works) |
| .................................. |
(<sculpture by technique>, sculpture (visual works), ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) [300047203] |
| produced by .... |
sculpting |
| .................... |
(<object-making processes and techniques>, <processes and techniques by specific type>, Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)) [300264383] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| sculpture (visual works)............ |
[AASLH Preferred, CHIN / RCIP, IMJ Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AASLH data (2016-) |
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Avery Index (1963-) |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) subdiv. |
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Chenhall, Revised Nomenclature (1988) |
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CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-) |
| ......................................... |
Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.) |
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Jewett, Glossary for Recording the Condition of an Artifact (1980s) |
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Lucie-Smith, Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms (1986) |
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Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/12956; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects |
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Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) 12956 |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) |
| ......................................... |
RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
| ......................................... |
Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976) |
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Subject: ..... |
[AASLH, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, CVAA-BR, ICCD, IDEA, IfM-SMB-PK, IMJ, NASJON, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP] |
| ............ |
AASLH data (2016-) |
| ............ |
AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| ............ |
CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
| ............ |
CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-) |
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CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-) |
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Getty Vocabulary Program rules marbles (sculpture) |
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IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-) |
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Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.) |
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Lucie-Smith, Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms (1986) primary structures |
| ............ |
Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/12956; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects |
| ............ |
Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) |
| ............ |
Norwegian National Museum of Art database (2021-) 9bae8b09-5b69-4b99-837e-70bb07ee2bba |
| ............ |
Pierce, From Abacus to Zeus (1987) primary structures |
| ............ |
RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
| ............ |
Stoddard, Art and Architecture in Medieval France (1966) 372; marbles |
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