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gall (plant material) (plant material, biological material, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Material made of excrescences produced on trees, usually the oak species Quercus infectoria in Europe and the Near East, and on the sumac species Rhus semialata in China and Japan, by the action of insects, chiefly of the genus Cynips. Galls are formed when gall-wasp eggs are deposited on tree branches in nut-like pockets; the gall grows until the larvae are completely enveloped. The mature insect bores a hole through the gall in order to escape. All galls contain 36-60% tannins; the bluish-green galls, gathered before the insect escapes, are richest in gallotannic acid. The tannins have been used for centuries for vegetable tanning of leather. When galls are combined with ferrous sulfate, a black dye is produced; alone, they produce a gray dye. Gall extract was also used as a mordant in the preparation of writing inks.
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| Terms: |
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| gall (plant material) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,SN)
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| galls (plant material) (C,U,English,AD,U,PN)
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| nutgalls (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| gallnuts (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| oak apples (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| huur nuts (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| oak gall nuts (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| gall-nuts (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Chinese gall (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| aleppo gall (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| pistacia gall (plant material) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| tamarisk gallo (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 癭 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 蟲癭 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| yǐng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ying (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ying (Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),UF,U,U)
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| galappel (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| noix de galle (C,U,French-P,D,U,U)
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| Gallapfel (C,U,German-P,D,U,U)
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| galla (plant material) (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,U)
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| noz de galha (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,U)
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| agallas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by origin> (G) |
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................ biological material (G) |
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.................... plant material (G) |
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........................ gall (plant material) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 樹木等植物上面的贅瘤，主要由癭蜂屬昆蟲造成，通常可見於歐洲和近東的櫟屬沒食子櫟，以及中國和日本的漆樹屬鹽膚木。當癭蜂在樹枝上產卵，容納蟲卵的核果狀口袋就形成蟲癭，蟲癭會隨著幼蟲發育逐漸增長，長大後的成蟲會從蟲癭內鑽洞遁出。所有蟲癭都包含36%至60%的鞣質，在成蟲脫離前摘下之藍綠色蟲癭的鞣酸含量最為豐富。人類千百年來即以鞣質做為皮革的植物鞣劑；樹癭若加上硫酸亞鐵，可製成黑色染料，單獨使用則可製成灰色染料。樹癭萃取物亦可做為製備墨水時的媒染劑。 |
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Related concepts: |
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| derived/made from .... |
Quercus infectoria (species) |
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(Quercus (genus), Fagaceae (family), ... Living Organisms (hierarchy name)) [300375064] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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