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almshouses (institutions) (correctional institutions (institutions), <institutions by activity>, ... Organizations (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Locally administered public or private institutions for care of the homeless, disabled, and elderly without means; often operated in conjunction with a farm, with emphasis on meeting operating costs through the sale of farm produce. Almshouses incurred widespread criticism after the turn of the 20th century for failure to provide differentiated treatment for the varying problems presented by residents. For earlier institutions where the disabled, elderly poor, or vagrants were confined for reform and work, use "workhouses (institutions)." For institutions established solely for the distribution of alms, use "almonries (institutions)." Buildings where the indigent or otherwise helpless without further recourse are cared for and put to work at public expense; in the United States, established since the mid-18th century and usually funded by local or state governments or parishes; in England, originally under the administration of monasteries for dispensing alms, later endowed by private charities. For buildings where the disabled, elderly poor, or vagrants are confined for reformative and correctional purposes, use "workhouses." For places established solely for the distribution of alms, use "almonries."
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| Terms: |
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| almshouses (institutions) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,PN)
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| almshouse (institution) (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
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| alms houses (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| alms-houses (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| county homes (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| poor farms (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| poorhouses (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| poor houses (institutions) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 救濟院 (機構) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 濟貧院 (機構) (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| 貧民所 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| jiù jì yuàn (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| jiu ji yuan (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| chiu chi yüan (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| armengestichten (instellingen) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| armengesticht (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| hospicios (institutions, bienestar social) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
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| hospicio (institutions, bienestar social) (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
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| casa de beneficiencia (institution) (C,U,Spanish,UF,U,SN)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: H.HN |
Hierarchical Position:
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Agents Facet |
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.... Organizations (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ organizations (groups) (G) |
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............ institutions (organizations) (G) |
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................ <institutions by activity> (G) |
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.................... correctional institutions (institutions) (G) |
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........................ almshouses (institutions) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 公立或私立的地方性機構，專門照顧無家可歸者、身障人士和年老無依者，通常和農場聯合營運，主要以銷售農產品所得支應營運開銷。進入西元二十世紀之後，救濟院由於無法兼顧所收容院民的不同需求，招致批評聲浪。若指稱早期強迫留置身心障礙者、年邁窮人或遊民並引導其工作的機構，使用「貧民習藝所(機構)」一詞；若指純粹為了施放賑濟而設立的機構，則稱「施賑所(機構)」。此詞彙亦可用來指稱供收容窮人或其他困苦無依者的建築物，其營運經費來自政府，窮困者在其中獲得照料，並在引導下投入職場；美國從西元十八世紀中期開始興建此類救濟院，其經費通常來自地方政府、州政府或教區；英國的救濟院最早是由施放賑濟的修道院管理，之後則委由私人慈善機構經營。若指稱為了達到矯治教化目標而拘留身心障礙者、年邁窮人或遊民的機構所在之建築物，使用「貧民習藝所」（workhouses）一詞； 純粹為了施賑而設立的處所則稱為「施賑所」（almonries）。 |
| Dutch ..... Lokaal bestuurde publieke of private instellingen voor de verzorging van daklozen, gehandicapten en bejaarden zonder financiële middelen; vaak worden ze gerund in combinatie met een boerderij, zodat de boerderijproductie de kosten kan dekken. In het begin van de 20e eeuw kregen deze instellingen veel kritiek omdat ze geen gedifferentieerde behandeling bood voor de diverse problemen van de bewoners. Gebruik 'armenhuizen (instellingen) voor vroegere instellingen waar gehandicapten, arme bejaarden of zwervers voor heropvoeding en werk werden opgesloten. Gebruik 'aalmoezeniershuizen (instellingen)' voor instellingen die zich bezighouden met bedeling. |
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Related concepts: |
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| distinguished from .... |
almonries (institutions) |
| .................................. |
(correctional institutions (institutions), <institutions by activity>, ... Organizations (hierarchy name)) [300343488] |
| distinguished from .... |
houses of correction (institutions) |
| .................................. |
(correctional institutions (institutions), <institutions by activity>, ... Organizations (hierarchy name)) [300343489] |
| meaning/usage overlaps with .... |
workhouses (institutions) |
| .................................................. |
(correctional institutions (institutions), <institutions by activity>, ... Organizations (hierarchy name)) [300343481] |
| possess/exist in .... |
alms (gifts) |
| .............................. |
(gifts (legal property), property (legal concept), ... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)) [300400538] |
| work/live in .... |
almshouses (buildings) |
| ...................... |
(welfare buildings, health and welfare buildings, ... Built Environment (hierarchy name)) [300006745] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| almshouses (institutions)............ |
[VP Preferred] |
| ............................................ |
Avery Index (1963-) (source AAT) |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Curl, Encyclopedia of Architectural Terms (1993) |
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Fleming et al., Penguin Dictionary of Architecture (1981) |
| ............................................ |
Harris, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975) |
| ............................................ |
Lever and Harris, Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture, 2d ed. (1993) illustration |
| ............................................ |
Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987) |
| ............................................ |
RCHME, Revised Thesaurus of Architectural Terms (1989) |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) |
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RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
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Roberts, Construction Industry Thesaurus (1976) 26 |
| ............................................ |
Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1901) |
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