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glass (material) (inorganic material, <materials by composition>, ... Materials (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: An amorphous, inorganic substance made by fusing silica (silicon dioxide) with a basic oxide; generally transparent but often translucent or opaque. Its characteristic properties are its hardness and rigidity at ordinary temperatures, its capacity for plastic working at elevated temperatures, and its resistance to weathering and to most chemicals except hydrofluoric acid. Used for both utilitarian and decorative purposes, it can be formed into various shapes, colored or decorated. Glass originated as a glaze in Mesopotamia in about 3500 BCE and the first objects made wholly of glass date to about 2500 BCE.
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| Terms: |
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| glass (material) (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,N)
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| glass (material) (Norwegian (Nynorsk)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| glass (Norwegian (Bokmål)-P,AD,U,SN)
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| زجاج (C,U,Arabic -P,D,U,U)
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| 玻璃 (材料) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| bō lí (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| bo li (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| po li (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| glas (materiaal) (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| verre (material) (C,U,French-P,D,U,N)
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| Glas (Material) (C,V,German-P,D,U)
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| vetro (materiale) (C,U,Italian,D,U,MSN)
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| vidro (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,SN)
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| vidrio (material) (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: M.MT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Materials Facet |
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.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ materials (substances) (G) |
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............ <materials by composition> (G) |
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................ inorganic material (G) |
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.................... glass (material) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Arabic ..... مادة غير متبلورة وغير عضوية مصنوعة عن طريق دمج السيليكا (ثاني أكسيد السيليكون) مع أكسيد أساسي؛ شفافة بشكل عام ولكنها غالبًا ما تكون شفافة أو معتمة. خصائصه المميزة هي صلابته وصلابته في درجات الحرارة العادية، وقدرته على عمل البلاستيك في درجات حرارة مرتفعة، ومقاومته للعوامل الجوية ومعظم المواد الكيميائية باستثناء حمض الهيدروفلوريك. يستخدم للأغراض النفعية والزخرفية، ويمكن تشكيله بأشكال مختلفة، ملونة أو مزخرفة. نشأ الزجاج كطبقة زجاجية في بلاد ما بين النهرين في حوالي 3500 قبل الميلاد، ويعود تاريخ أول الأشياء المصنوعة بالكامل من الزجاج إلى حوالي 2500 قبل الميلاد. |
| Chinese (traditional) ..... 一種非結晶的無機物質，以熔合矽石（二氧化矽）及鹼性氧化物而成。一般來說應為透明，但常常呈半透明或不透明。其性質之特色為在常溫下材質堅硬，高溫下則具可塑性，另外能抗風化及不受大部分化學物質侵蝕（氫氟酸除外）。兼具實用與裝飾用途，能塑成多種形狀，可上色或另加修飾。玻璃最早為釉料，見於西元前約三千五百年的美索不達米亞區域（Mesopotamia），而首個完全由玻璃製成的物件記載於西元前約2500年。 |
| Dutch ..... Een amorfe, anorganische substantie die wordt gemaakt door silica (siliciumdioxide) te fuseren met een basisoxide, meestal transparant maar vaak ook doorschijnend of ondoorschijnend. Kenmerkende eigenschappen zijn de hardheid en stijfheid bij normale temperaturen, de plastische eigenschappen bij verhoogde temperaturen en de weersbestendigheid en bestendigheid tegen de meeste chemische stoffen, behalve waterstoffluoride. Het wordt gebruikt voor zowel gebruiksdoeleinden als decoratieve doeleinden, en kan worden gemaakt in diverse vormen, gekleurd en gedecoreerd. Glas is ontstaan als glazuur in Mesopotamië in ongeveer 3500 v. Chr. De eerste voorwerpen die geheel van glas zijn vervaardigd, dateren van ongeveer 2500 v. Chr. |
| German ..... Eine amorphe, anorganische Substanz, die durch Verschmelzen von Kieselsäure (Siliziumdioxid) mit einem basischen Oxid hergestellt wird; im allgemeine transparent, aber oft auch durchscheinend oder undurchsichtig. Ihre charakteristischen Eigenschaften sind ihre Härte und Steifigkeit bei normalen Temperaturen, ihre Fähigkeit zur plastischen Verformung bei höheren Temperaturen und ihre Beständigkeit gegen Witterungseinflüsse und die meisten Chemikalien außer Flusssäure. Sie wird sowohl für Gebrauchs- als auch zu Dekorationszwecken verwendet und kann in verschiedene Formen gebracht, gefärbt oder dekoriert werden. Etwa 3.500 vor Chr. wurde Glas in Mesopotamien als Glasur hergestellt, und die ersten vollständig aus Glas hergestellten Gegenstände stammen aus der Zeit um 2.500 v. Chr. |
| Italian ..... Una sostanza inorganica e amorfa, realizzata da fondendo la silice con un ossido basico; generalmente trasparente ma spesso traslucida o opaca. Le sue caratteristiche sono la durezza e la rigidità a temperature ordinarie e la sua resistenza agli agenti atmosferici e alla maggior parte delle sostanze chimiche. Utilizzato per scopi utilitari e decorativi, può essere formato in varie forme, colorate o decorate. Il vetro è nato come uno strato in Mesopotamia intorno al 3500 a.C. e i primi oggetti realizzati interamente in vetro risalgono a circa 2500 a.C. |
| Portuguese ..... Uma substância amorfa inorgânica feita pela fusão de sílica (dióxido de silício) com um óxido básico; geralmente transparente, mas frequentemente translúcido ou opaco. Suas propriedades características são sua dureza e rigidez em temperaturas normais, sua capacidade de trabalhar com plásticos em temperaturas elevadas e sua resistência ao intemperismo e à maioria dos produtos químicos, exceto o ácido fluorídrico. Utilizado tanto para fins utilitários quanto decorativos, pode ser moldado em várias formas, coloridas ou decoradas. O vidro se originou como um esmalte na Mesopotâmia por volta de 3500 aC e os primeiros objetos feitos inteiramente de vidro datam de cerca de 2500 aC. |
| Spanish ..... Sustancia amorfa inorgánica fabricada por fusión de sílice (dióxido de silicio) con un óxido básico; generalmente transparente, pero a menudo translúcido u opaco. Sus propiedades características son la dureza y rigidez a temperatura ordinaria, su capacidad para ser trabajada plásticamente a elevadas temperaturas y su resistencia a la acción atmosférica y a la mayoría de los productos químicos, excepto al ácido fluorhídrico. Utilizada para propósitos utilitarios y decorativos, puede dársele diferentes formas, colores o decoraciones. El vidrio se originó como vidriado en Mesopotamia aproximadamente en 3500 a.C., y los primeros objetos realizados enteramente de vidrio datan de aproximadamente 2500 a.C. |
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Related concepts: |
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| created by .... |
glassmakers |
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(glassworkers, <people in crafts and trades by material>, ... People (hierarchy name)) [300025285] |
| material for .... |
glassware |
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(<visual works by material or technique>, visual works (works), ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) [300010898] |
| possess/exist in .... |
crizzling |
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(<conditions and effects for glass>, <conditions and effects by specific type>, Conditions and Effects (hierarchy name)) [300218594] |
| possess/exist in .... |
solarization (glass) |
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(<conditions and effects for glass>, <conditions and effects by specific type>, Conditions and Effects (hierarchy name)) [300312365] |
| used by .... |
glassworkers |
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(<people in crafts and trades by material>, <people in crafts and trades>, ... People (hierarchy name)) [300025283] |
| used/required for .... |
glass cutters (tools) |
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(glassworking equipment, <equipment by material processed>, ... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name)) [300386822] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| glass (material)............ |
[GCI Preferred, NASJON Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AATA database (2002-) 124216 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Avery Index (1963-) subhead. |
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Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) 354 |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Hornbostel, Construction Materials (1978) |
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Jewett, Glossary for Recording the Condition of an Artifact (1980s) |
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MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online: CAMEO (2005-) |
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Museum Prototype Project, Medium of Objects Frequency Report (1985) |
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National Museum of American Art, Media Thesaurus (1980s) |
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Newman, Illustrated Dictionary of Glass (1977) 133 |
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Norwegian National Museum of Art database (2021-) |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) |
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RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
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Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
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Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976) |
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Subject: ..... |
[AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, CHIN / RCIP, CVAA-BR, GCI, IDEA, IfM-SMB-PK, NASJON, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP] |
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AATA database (2002-) 124216 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Avery Index (1963-) (source AAT); precoor.; glass factories |
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Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977) 348; cellulated glass; expanded glass; foamed glass |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) precoor.; glass factories |
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CHIN database (1988-) |
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CVAA-BR Consortium (2020-) |
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Getty Vocabulary Program rules glass plate negatives; works, glass |
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Hornbostel, Construction Materials (1978) 228; foamed glass |
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IDEA: International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (International) (2023-) |
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Norwegian National Museum of Art database (2021-) 778f919c-e1db-4599-9f8a-1eb63a456a18 |
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Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987) glassworks |
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RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) glass works; precoor.; Factories: glass-making; glass: fire resistance |
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RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Monart glass; Lombard glass; Roman glass; Greek glass; glass factories; Rococo glass; Jewish glass; Viking glass; Baroque glass; Burmese glass; Islamic glass; Art Deco glass; Frankish glass; Germanic glass; Medieval glass; Crusader glass; Glass, American; Victorian glass; Byzantine glass; Anglo-Saxon glass; Art Nouveau glass; Renaissance glass; Merovingian glass; Late Antique glass; Hiberno-Saxon glass; Early Christian glass |
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Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989) |
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Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) glass works |
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