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Mahmud II (Ottoman (style), <Anatolian Islamic styles and periods after Manzikert>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Refers to the style of architecture that coincided with the reign of Mahmud II, who ruled from 1808 to 1839. Mahmud broke the power of the janissaries, whose reactionary views were in part responsible for the Ottoman military decline. In the arts, he was a major force in Europeanizing Ottoman art and architecture, building structures in the Baroque and Rococo styles, as well as the Neo-classicism of Napoleonic France. His Nusretiye or Divine Victory mosque was built in the late Baroque style with undulating, curving walls and large open courtyards. Under Mahmud II, court artists were sent to France to learn scientific methods of painting and drawing and rules of linear perspective.
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| Terms: |
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| Mahmud II (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Mahmud II (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| Mahmut II (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 馬哈茂德二世 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 馬哈穆德二世 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| ma hā mào dé èr shì (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ma ha mao de er shi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ma ha mao te erh shih (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| Mahmoed II (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Islamic World, The (G) |
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................ <Islamic World dynastic styles and periods> (G) |
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.................... <Anatolian Islamic styles and periods after Manzikert> (G) |
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........................ Ottoman (style) (G) |
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............................ Mahmud II (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 用來表示西元 1808 年至 1839 年，與馬哈穆德二世統治時期有關的建築風格。馬哈穆德二世瓦解了土耳其禁衛軍的勢力；土耳其禁衛軍的反動保守觀點是造成鄂圖曼帝國軍事衰落的部分原因。在藝術方面，馬哈穆德二世是鄂圖曼藝術與建築西化的主要推動者；他依據巴洛克風格、洛可可風格以及拿破崙時期法國的新古典主義加以建造建築架構。他建造了奴斯雷堤愛清真寺（Nusretiye Mosqe），又名勝利清真寺（Divine Victory Mosque），這座清真寺是依據晚期巴洛克風格所建，具有波浪狀的彎曲牆面以及大型的開放式庭院。在馬哈穆德二世的統治期間，他曾派遣宮廷藝術家前往法國學習繪畫的科學方法，以及線性透視法的規則。 |
| Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de stijl van architectuur die samenviel met de heerschappij van Mahmoed II (van 1808 tot 1839). Mahmoed maakte een eind aan de heerschappij van de janitsaren, wier reactionaire standpunten deels de militaire neergang van het Osmaanse rijk hadden veroorzaakt. Op artistiek gebied was hij een belangrijke factor bij het europeaniseren van de Osmaanse kunst en architectuur, door bouwwerken te laten neerzetten in barok- en rococostijl en de stijl van het neoclassicisme van het Frankrijk onder Napoleon. Zijn Nusretiye-moskee (moskee van de overwinning) werd gebouwd in de late barokstijl met golvende muren en grote open binnenplaatsen. Onder Mahmoed II werden hofkunstenaars naar Frankrijk gestuurd om wetenschappelijke teken- en schildermethoden en de principes van lineair perspectief aan te leren. |
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