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ID: 300020674
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300020674

 

Record Type: concept
Middle Byzantine (Byzantine (culture and style), <Early Christian-Byzantine styles, cultures, periods>, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the style following the Iconoclastic crisis, from the mid-ninth century through the early 13th century. The style is mainly evident in the eastern Roman empire, and spread along with the Orthodox faith to the Balkans and Russia after the loss of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks in 1071. The style is characterized by its evolution from earlier Byzantine art, including a reduction in the size of churches and monasteries, frequent use of the Greek cross plan, interiors encrusted with rich marble, mosaics, painting, and ivory carvings, which were typically more austere, linear, and abstract compositions in a rigid iconographic system.
 
Terms:
Middle Byzantine (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Byzantine, Middle (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Mid-Byzantine (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Second Golden Age (Byzantine) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
中期拜占庭文化 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
zhōng qǐ bài zhàn tíng wén huà (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
zhong qi bai zhan ting wen hua (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
chung ch'i pai chan t'ing wen hua (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
midden-Byzantijns (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Byzantin moyen (C,U,French-P,D,U,N)
Bizantino medio (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of European
............ European (G)
Hierarchy of <Early Christian-Byzantine styles, cultures, periods>
................ <Early Christian-Byzantine styles, cultures, periods> (G)
Hierarchy of Byzantine (culture and style)
.................... Byzantine (culture and style) (G)
Hierarchy of Middle Byzantine
........................ Middle Byzantine (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 指從九世紀中葉到十三世紀早期,聖像破壞危機之後的風格。此種風格在東羅馬帝國最為明顯,在1071年塞爾柱土耳其人將小亞細亞從拜占庭帝國手中奪取過來之後,便隨著東正教信仰傳至巴爾幹半島和俄羅斯。此種風格由早期拜占庭藝術演化而來,並以此為特徵,包括縮小教堂和修道院的規模;經常使用希臘十字架平面結構、以華麗昂貴的大理石、馬賽克、繪畫和象牙雕刻覆蓋內部,由於嚴格僵化的圖像系統,構圖通常較為樸素、線狀和抽象。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de stijl die volgde op de iconoclastische crisis, van het midden van de 9de tot het begin van de 13de eeuw. De stijl komt voornamelijk voor in het Oost-Romeinse rijk, en verspreidde zich samen met het Orthodoxe geloof naar de Balkan en Rusland na het verlies van Klein-Azië aan de Seljuk-Turken in 1071. De stijl kenmerkt zich door het voortborduren op en verder ontwikkelen van vroegere Byzantijnse kunst, bijvoorbeeld door een kleinere schaal van kerken en kloosters, het regelmatige gebruik van de Griekse kruisplattegrond, interieurs bedekt met weelderig marmer, mozaïeken, schilderingen en ivoorsnijwerk. Het betrof meestal eenvoudiger, meer lineaire en abstracte composities in een strak iconografisch systeem. 
French ..... Fait référence au style qui a découlé de la crise de l’iconoclastie, du milieu du 9e siècle au début du 13e siècle. Ce style se retrouve principalement dans l’empire romain d’Orient, et s’est répandu avec la religion orthodoxe dans les Balkans et en Russie après la défaite de l’Asie Mineure aux mains des Turcs seldjoukides en 1071. Ce style se caractérise par son évolution par rapport à l’art byzantin antérieur, avec notamment une réduction des dimensions des églises et des monastères, l’utilisation fréquente du plan en croix grecque, des intérieurs incrustés de précieux marbres, des mosaïques, des peintures et des sculptures en ivoire, qui étaient typiquement des compositions plus austères, linéaires et abstraites dans un système iconographique rigide. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere al estilo que sigue a la crisis Iconoclasta, desde mediados del siglo IX hasta principios del siglo XIII. El estilo es principalmente evidente en el imperio romano oriental y se extendió junto con la fe Ortodoxa a los Balcanes y Rusia después de la pérdida de Asia Menor a los Turcos de Seljuk en 1071. El estilo se caracteriza por su evolución del arte bizantino más temprano, que comprende una reducción en el tamaño de las iglesias y monasterios, el frecuente uso del plano de cruz griega, interiores incrustados con rico mármol, mosaicos, pinturas y tallados de marfil que eran composiciones típicamente más austeras, lineales y abstractas en un sistema iconográfico rígido. 

Sources and Contributors:
中期拜占庭文化............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Bizantino medio............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
.............................  Rafols, Historia del Arte (2001) 233
Byzantine, Middle............  [VP]
................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
Byzantin moyen............  [BEINFRAT Preferred]
.............................  BEINFRAT-network (2022)
chung ch'i pai chan t'ing wen hua............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
........................................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Mid-Byzantine............  [VP]
..........................  Hamilton, Art and Architecture of Russia (1963) 59
..........................  Rice, Art of the Byzantine Era (1963) 166
midden-Byzantijns............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
Middle Byzantine............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.............................  AATA database (2002-) 126206 checked 26 January 2012
.............................  Krautheimer, Early Christian (1979) 256
.............................  Oxford Companion to Art (1984) 182
.............................  Stokstad, Medieval Art (1986) 149
.............................  Zarnecki, Art of the Medieval World (1975) illustration, 141
Second Golden Age (Byzantine)............  [VP]
..................................................  Gardner's Art Through the Ages (1980) 281; Second Golden Age
..................................................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
..................................................  Janson, History of Art (1986) 217; Second Golden Age
..................................................  Rice, Art of the Byzantine Era (1963) 60; Second Golden Age
..................................................  Stokstad, Medieval Art (1986) 145; Second Golden Age
zhōng qǐ bài zhàn tíng wén huà............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.....................................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
zhong qi bai zhan ting wen hua............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.....................................................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, BEINFRAT , CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AAT-Ned (1994-)
............  AATA database (2002-) 126206 checked 26 January 2012
............  BEINFRAT-network (2022)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
French .......... [BEINFRAT ]
.......... BEINFRAT-network (2022)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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