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ID: 300019107
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300019107

 

Record Type: concept
Funan (Pre-Angkorean style) (Pre-Angkorean, Cambodian (culture or style), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the pre-Angkor style and period surrounding the Cambodian kingdoms of Funan (1st to 9th centuries) heavily influenced by Indian ideas. The style is mainly evident in the lower valleys of the Mekong River. Sculptural production in this style consists of large, freestanding sandstone figures of deities from Hindu, Siva, and Vishnu texts. Religious sculptures often consist of several deities combined into a single figure and is characterized by smooth, continuous surfaces enhanced by broad frontal planes and by side recessions connected to the foursquare block. The period also witnessed the rudimentary development of non-Indian elements such as the sandstone lintels made for doorways of brick shrines, the concept of the lintel as a special attribute of the spirit shrine, and relief carvings based on pairs of monster creatures and foliate designs. Buddhist icons in this style are constructed in sandstone and are less sensuous and delicate than Hindu figures.
 
Terms:
Funan (Pre-Angkorean style) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Funan (Pre-Angkorean style) (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Funan (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Fu-nan (Pre-Angkorean style) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Funanese (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
扶南 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
fú nán (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
fu nan (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles),UF,U,U)
fu nan (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Southeast Asian
................ Southeast Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Cambodian (culture or style)
.................... Cambodian (culture or style) (G)
Hierarchy of Pre-Angkorean
........................ Pre-Angkorean (G)
Hierarchy of Funan (Pre-Angkorean style)
............................ Funan (Pre-Angkorean style) (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 指圍繞柬埔寨扶南國(西元一至九世紀)所發展出的前吳哥風格與時代,此風格深受印度的影響,主要可見於湄公河下游河谷地區。此風格的雕刻品包括:印度教、濕婆、毘濕奴文獻的大型獨立神祇砂岩雕像。宗教雕像多半將幾個神祇併作成單一雕像。其特色為平滑且連續的表面,而寬闊平坦的雕像正面和連接至方形磚上的雕像側面凹處使其更為突出。此時期亦歷經了非印度元素的初步發展,這些非印度元素包括:磚造廟宇的砂岩門楣、門楣作為神廟特色的概念、以成對怪獸為基底並刻有葉飾的浮雕。此風格的佛像是以砂岩製成,且其感官性與細緻度皆不如印度教神像。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de pre-Angkor-stijl en -periode rondom de Cambodjaanse koninkrijken van Funan (1ste tot 9de eeuw) die in hoge mate waren beïnvloed door Indiase ideeën. De stijl is vooral zichtbaar in de lager gelegen valleien van de Mekong-rivier. De beeldhouwkundige productie in deze stijl bestaat uit grote, vrijstaande zandstenen figuren van goden uit Hindoe-, Shiva-, and Visjnoe-teksten. Religieuze beeldhouwwerken bestaan vaak uit verschillende goden die zijn gecombineerd tot een enkele figuur en worden gekarakteriseerd door gladde, onafgebroken oppervlakken die zijn uitgebreid door middel van brede, frontale vlakken en door uitsparingen aan de zijkanten die zijn verbonden met het massieve blok. Deze periode werd tevens gekenmerkt door de rudimentaire ontwikkeling van niet-Indiase elementen zoals de zandstenen lateien die werden gemaakt voor deuropeningen van bakstenen schrijnen, het concept van de latei als speciaal attribuut van de geestschrijn en beeldhouwwerken in reliëf die waren gebaseerd op paren van monsterfiguren en bladontwerpen. Boeddhistische iconen in deze stijl zijn geconstrueerd in zandsteen en zijn minder zinnelijk en verfijnd dan Hindoe-figuren. 

Sources and Contributors:
扶南............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  印度與東南亞文化史 101
...........  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 March 7, 2012
Funan (Pre-Angkorean style)............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred]
...............................................  Atlas van de aarde (1985)
...............................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
...............................................  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) "Southeast Asian arts: Cambodian kingdoms of Funan and Chenla: 1st to 9th century" Accessed 7/11/00
...............................................  Pearman, CMA Slide Library Classification (1980s) 25.2
...............................................  Rooney, Khmer Ceramics (1984) xiii
...............................................  TAA database (2000-)
...............................................  University of Michigan Slide Classification (n.d.)
Fu-nan (Pre-Angkorean style)............  [VP]
...............................................  Groslier, Indo-China (1962) 255
...............................................  Lee, History of Far Eastern Art (1982) 12
fu nan............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
fú nán............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Funanese............  [VP]
.................  Groslier, Indo-China (1962) 8
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  Atlas van de aarde (1985)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
..........  Atlas van de aarde (1985)
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)

 

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