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ID: 300018378
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300018378

 

Record Type: concept
Warring States (Eastern Zhou, Zhou (culture), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the culture, style, and period of later part of the Eastern Zhou, from 403 to 221 BCE, although some scholars date the period to 475 to 221 BCE. Its name comes from chronicles of the time. A time of severe fragmentation with a subsequent economic and political decline, it was nevertheless a time of imaginative craftsmanship. This creativity was perhaps spurred on by an increase in artistic patrons as well as competition between the different states of the Zhou dynasty. The tomb of the Marquis of Zeng at Suizhou in Hubei province is a notable early Warring States site; it contained over 15,000 artifacts such as bronze ritual vessels, bells, weapons, lacquerware, and wooden and bamboo objects. Birds with curved wings and dragons were dominant decorative motifs for bronzes and ceramics, revealing contact with the cultures of the Asiatic steppes, the Huns and Tartars.
 
Terms:
Warring States (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Chan-Kuo (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Warring Kingdoms (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Zhanquo (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
戰國 (東周) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
戰國時代 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
zhàn guó (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
zhan guo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
chan kuo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
Strijdende Staten (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Estados Guerreros (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of East Asian
................ East Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Chinese (culture or style)
.................... Chinese (culture or style) (G)
Hierarchy of Chinese dynastic styles and periods
........................ Chinese dynastic styles and periods (G)
Hierarchy of Zhou (culture)
............................ Zhou (culture) (G)
Hierarchy of Eastern Zhou
................................ Eastern Zhou (G)
Hierarchy of Warring States
.................................... Warring States (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 戰國時代是指東周晚期,年代為西元前403年至西元前221年,有些學者將年代定為西元前475年至西元前221年。「戰國」一詞源自當時的編年史。戰國時代出現嚴重分裂之後,經濟陷入衰退,局勢動盪不安。然而戰國時代的手工藝術創作水準卻相當高。之所以有如此高的創作水準,可能是藝術買賣風氣愈盛,以及周朝各國相互競爭的結果。於湖北隨州出土的曾侯乙墓為著名的戰國早期考古地點,墓中挖出了一萬五千多件文物,包括:青銅祭器、鐘、兵器、漆器,以及木、竹製品。青銅器及陶器上以翅膀彎曲的鳥以及龍為主要的裝飾圖案,可見當時已接觸到匈奴、韃靼等亞洲草原文化。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de latere fase van de Oostelijke Zhou-periode, van 403 tot 221 v. Chr., hoewel sommige onderzoekers deze periode tussen 475 en 221 v. Chr. dateren. De naam is afkomstig uit kronieken uit de periode. Deze werd gekenmerkt door ernstige versplintering die leidde tot economische en politieke neergang, maar werd ook gekarakteriseerd door fantasierijk vakmanschap. Deze creativiteit werd mogelijk bevorderd door een toename van het aantal mecenassen en door de concurrentie tussen de verschillende staten van de Zhou-dynastie. De graftombe van de markies van Zeng in Suizhou in de provincie Hubei is een belangrijke vindplaats voor de vroege periode van de Strijdende Staten; op deze site zijn meer dan 15.000 artefacten gevonden, zoals bronzen ritueel vaatwerk, klokken, wapens, lakwerk en objecten van hout en bamboe. Veel voorkomende decoratieve motieven op bronzen en keramische objecten waren vogels met gebogen vleugels en draken, wat duidt op contacten met de culturen van de Aziatische steppen, de Hunnen en de Tartaren. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere a la parte más última del período del este de Zhou, a partir 403 a 221 a.C, aunque algunos eruditos fechan el período a 475 a 221 a.C. Su nombre viene de Las crónicas de ese tiempo. Una época de fragmentación económica y política, era sin embargo una época de la artesanía imaginativa. Esta creatividad quizás fue estimulada por un aumento del patrón artístico así como la competición entre los diversos estados de la dinastía de Zhou. La tumba del marqués de Zeng en Suizhou en la provincia de Hubei es uno de los sitio de los estados que guerreaban ; contiene sobre 15.000 artefactos tales como recipientes rituales de bronce, campanas, armas, y objetos de madera y de bambú. Los pájaros con las alas y los dragones curvados eran adornos decorativos dominantes para los bronces y la cerámica, revelando el contacto con las culturas de las estepas asiáticas, los Huns y los tártaros. 

Sources and Contributors:
戰國 (東周)............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.................  中國文物語匯 194
.................  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 February 22, 2012
.................  故宮後設資料需求規格書 38
.................  漢英文物考古詞匯 384
戰國時代............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 September 14, 2012
Chan-Kuo............  [VP]
.................  Chang, Archaeology of Ancient China (1963) 328
chan kuo............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Estados Guerreros............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred]
................................  Tregear, El Arte Chino (1991) 9
Strijdende Staten............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
................................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
................................  Kunstschatten uit China (1982)
Warring Kingdoms............  [VP]
.............................  Vandier-Nicolas, Chinese Painting (1983) 254
Warring States............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.............................  AATA database (2002-) 130399 checked 26 January 2012
.............................  Abbate, Chinese Art (1972) 26
.............................  Chang, Archaeology of Ancient China (1963) 344
.............................  Clunas, Art in China (1997) 17
.............................  Fong, Great Bronze Age of China (1980) xv
.............................  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 12 Apr 2004
.............................  Honey, Ceramic Art of China (1954) 237
.............................  Sickman and Soper, Art and Architecture of China (1971) 10
.............................  Swann, Art of China, Korea, and Japan (1963) 285
.............................  Trubner et al., Asiatic Art in the Seattle Museum (1973) 13
zhan guo............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
zhàn guó............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Zhanquo............  [VP]
.................  Beurdeley, Connoisseur's Guide to Chinese Ceramics (1974) 34
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 130399 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) China--History--Warring States
............  Kunstschatten uit China (1982)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Abbate, Chinese Art (1972) 26
.......... Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 12 Apr 2004
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Kunstschatten uit China (1982)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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