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ID: 300262176
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300262176

 

Record Type: concept
manillas (<money by form>, money (objects), ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name))

 

Note: C-shaped metal bars (usually of copper or copper-alloy) of varying weights used as money in West Africa; originally imported from Europe, later alter cast (or re-cast) and used as a medium of exchange locally in West Africa.
 
Terms:
manillas (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)
manilla (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
manilla (Dutch,AD,U,U)
馬尼拉幣 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
紅銅合金臂鐲 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
ma ní lā bì (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
ma ni la bi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
ma ni la pi (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
manilla’s (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Manilla (Zahlungsmittel) (C,V,German-P,D,SN)
Manillen (C,V,German,AD,PN)
manilas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
manila (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  V.VK

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Objects Facet
Objects Facet
Hierarchy of Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)
.... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of Exchange Media (hierarchy name)
........ Exchange Media (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of exchange media (objects)
............ exchange media (objects) (G)
Hierarchy of money (objects)
................ money (objects) (G)
Hierarchy of <money by form>
.................... <money by form> (G)
Hierarchy of manillas
........................ manillas (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 銅或銅合金製的C形金屬條,重量不等,在西非作為貨幣使用;原本從歐洲引進,後來改變鑄模或經重新鑄造,在西非當地作為交易媒介。 
Dutch ..... Te gebruiken voor c-vormige metalen staafjes (gewoonlijk van koper of een koperlegering) van uiteenlopend gewicht, die in West-Afrika werden gebruikt als geld; oorspronkelijk ingevoerd uit Europa, later omgevormd en gebruikt als lokaal ruilmiddel in West-Afrika. 
German ..... C-förmiger Metallstab (gewöhnlich aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierung) unterschiedlichen Gewichts, der in Westafrika als Geld verwendet wurde; ursprünglich aus Europa importiert und später gegossen (oder neu gegossen) und als Tauschmittel lokal in Westafrika verwendet. 
Spanish ..... Úsese para barras metálicas con forma de C (usualmente de cobre o de aleación de cobre) de variados pesos, usadas como dinero en África Occidental; originalmente importadas desde Europa, más adelante re-vaciados y usadas como medio de cambio local en África Occidental. 

Sources and Contributors:
馬尼拉幣............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
紅銅合金臂鐲............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  錢的歷史 214
manila............  [CDBP-SNPC, VP]
.................  Gillon, Breve historia del arte africano (1984) 270
.................  TAA database (2000-)
ma ni la bi............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
ma ni la pi............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
manilas............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, VP]
.................  TAA database (2000-)
manilla............  [RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules
Manilla (Zahlungsmittel)............  [IfM-SMB-PK Preferred]
.........................................  Kahnt u.a., Alte Maße, Münzen und Gewichte (1986) 176
.........................................  Kahnt, Das grosse Münzlexikon von A bis Z (2005) 270
.........................................  Lux, Stefanie (Hrsg.) : Kissipenny und Manilla (1995)
.........................................  Schrötter u.a., Wörterbuch der Münzkunde (1930) 569
manillas............  [GCI Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  AATA database (2002-) 125885 checked 26 January 2012
.................  Contributed as a candidate term AFRART - 9/96
.................  Detroit Art Registration and Information System Glossary (1980)
.................  Journal of African History (1960-) Vol. 3, No. 3, 425, Ben Naanen, "Economy within an economy: the manilla currency...pp. 425-446. 1993.
.................  Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
manilla’s............  [RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
....................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
Manillen............  [IfM-SMB-PK]
.................  Lux, Stefanie (Hrsg.) : Kissipenny und Manilla (1995) 46
ma ní lā bì............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, IfM-SMB-PK, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AAT-Ned (1994-)
............  AATA database (2002-) 125885 checked 26 January 2012
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
German .......... [IfM-SMB-PK]
.......... IfM Berlin
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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