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ID: 300014963
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300014963

 

Record Type: concept
scagliola (<plaster by technique>, plaster (composite coating), ... Materials (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to wall or furniture surfaces made by mixing fine plaster of powdered selenite (gypsum) with alum, glue, water, and pigment to create an effect that imitates marble or pietra dura. It was either applied like paint to a wet gesso ground, fixed under heat and polished, or formed into colored pieces and inlaid like a mosaic. The technique was known in ancient Rome and revived in 16th-century Italy, later spreading to other places in Europe. Although it is cheaper than marble or other stone surfaces, scagliola is susceptible to damage and has survived in only a few examples. It is distinguished from "faux marbre," which creates the effect of marble by painting the surface of a wall or other surface.
 
Terms:
scagliola (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,L,N)
scagliola (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
scagliola (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
scagliola (Italian-P,D,U,U)
marmorino (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
mischia (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
Stuckmarmor (C,U,German,UF,U,U)
stucco marble (C,U,English,UF,T,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  M.MT

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Materials Facet
Materials Facet
Hierarchy of Materials (hierarchy name)
.... Materials (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of materials (substances)
........ materials (substances) (G)
Hierarchy of <materials by function>
............ <materials by function> (G)
Hierarchy of coating (material)
................ coating (material) (G)
Hierarchy of <coating by composition or origin>
.................... <coating by composition or origin> (G)
Hierarchy of plaster (composite coating)
........................ plaster (composite coating) (G)
Hierarchy of <plaster by technique>
............................ <plaster by technique> (G)
Hierarchy of scagliola
................................ scagliola (G)

Additional Notes:
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar muur- of meubeloppervlakken die zijn gemaakt van een fijn mengsel van gips met aluin, lijm, water en pigment, zodanig dat een effect ontstaat waarbij marmer of pietra-dura wordt geïmiteerd. Het werd toegepast als verf op een natte kalkonderlaag, verhit om uit te harden en vervolgens gepolijst, of gevormd in kleurrijke stukjes en ingelegd als een mozaïek. De techniek was bekend in het oude Rome en maakte een opleving door in het 16de-eeuwse Italië, waarna het zich uitbreidde naar andere plaatsen in Europa. Scagliola is goedkoper dan marmer of andere stenen oppervlakken, maar wel erg kwetsbaar. Nog slechts enkele voorbeelden zijn intact. Te onderscheiden van 'faux marbre' waarmee een marmereffect wordt gecreëerd door het schilderen van een oppervlak, bijvoorbeeld een muur. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere a superficies de muros o mobiliario realizados mezclando un enlucido fijo de selenita en polvo (yeso) con alúmina, goma, agua y un pigmento con el fin de crear un efecto que imita el mármol o la piedra dura. Fue aplicado como pintura a un fondo de gesso húmedo, fijado con calor y pulido o conformado en piezas coloreadas y posadas como un mosaico. La técnica fue conocida en la antigua Roma y vuelta de usar en Italia en el siglo XVI, extendiéndose después al resto de Europa. Aunque es más barato que el mármol u otras superficies de piedra, la scagliola puede dañarse y han sobrevivido sólo en escasos ejemplares. Se distingue del "mármol falso", que crea el efecto de mármol pintando un muro u otra superficie. 

Related concepts:
distinguished from ....  faux marbre
..................................  (illusionism, <visual and representational concepts>, ... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)) [300275124]

Sources and Contributors:
marmorino............  [VP]
....................  Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 273
mischia............  [VP]
.................  Fuga, Artists' Techniques and Materials (2006) 201
scagliola............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, ICCD Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred]
....................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
....................  AATA database (2002-) 128532 checked 26 January 2012
....................  Avery Index (1963-) (source AAT)
....................  Contributed as a candidate term JTHOMP - 10/95
....................  Hodgson, Mortars, Plasters, Stuccos (1906) 260
....................  ICCD database (1988-)
....................  Lucie-Smith, Diccionario de Términos de Arte (1997) 178
....................  Lucie-Smith, Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms (1986)
....................  Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 347
....................  Personal Communication Jack C. Thompson, Objects Conservator, Reed College, Oregon, 10/95
....................  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) Scagliola (colored plasterwork imitating marble)
....................  RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
....................  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
....................  Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
....................  Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 273
stucco marble............  [GCI, VP]
..........................  AATA online (2002-2020)
Stuckmarmor............  [GCI]
.......................  AATA online (2002-2020)
 
Subject: .....  [CDBP-SNPC, GCI, ICCD, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AATA database (2002-) 128532 checked 26 January 2012
............  Fuga, Artists' Techniques and Materials (2006) 201
............  RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) Plasterwork: decorative
............  Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) Accessed 05/15/2002.
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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